OF SOUTHERN INDIA. 45 
families, so as to render total separation necessary. The animals of both are in fact 
so very much alike, that several naturalists formerly suggested to unite them 
into one genus. The shell offers equally many points of relation, as may be 
seen from the above references. It appears, that this relation will be sufficiently 
preserved, if we retain the family Crrprarpmx as formerly, and in this distinguish 
two or three sub-families, as suggested by Swainson in his ‘ Conchology,’ namely :— 
a. PEDIOULARINE, With two genera; Pedicularia, Swains.—the shell being 
convolute with lateral spire, the outer lip partly and irregularly inflexed, aperture 
widened, as long as the entire axis of the shell, without teeth on the inner and very 
seldom on the outer peristome. There are two or three living species known, which 
feed mostly on Zoophytes, Ped. sicula and elegantissima, to which Dr. Gray adds the 
Coralliobia fimbriata, H. Adams (vide Guide, 1857, p. 74). Mr. Sequenza described 
lately a fossil (miocene) species Ped. Deshayesiana (Jour. de Conch, 1865, 3me ser. 
vol. V, p. 59, PL IV, Figs. 1—3). A second genus of this sub-family is Dentiora, Pease 
with the species D. rubida, P. from the Sandwich Islands. (Proceed. Zool. Soc., 
Lond., 1862, p. 240). The principal distinction from Pedicularia is the “ columella 
plana vel excavata, intus compressa, dentata.”” Iam not aware of any cretaceous 
species having been reported in this sub-family. 
b. ovruzryv#, being throughout involute shells. 
c. crpr#iv#, being principally convolute and becoming mostly involute with 
advancing age. 
b. Sub-family—OVULING (AMPHIPERASIDZ, H. and A, Adams). 
The former genus Ovwla or Ovulwm, as adopted according to Lamarck and 
Sowerby, has been separated by H. and A. Adams into five genera, which appear 
to be natural and tolerably well defined, namely, Simnia, Volva, Ovula (Amphiperas), 
Cyphoma and Calpurnus, in which order the shells exhibit gradually their relation 
to the crPr#zINé. 
The ovut1nz are in all their stages of growth perfectly involute shells, more 
or less pointed on each end and canaliculated or emarginated ; covered with a mode- 
rately thick enamel coating, generally smooth and polished and rarely provided with a 
fine spiral striation. The surface is usually white or at least not richly coloured. 
The aperture extends through the entire length of the transversal diameter of the 
last whorl, is more or less narrow, and on the inner lip not toothed. The outer lip 
is reflexed in a smaller or greater degree, and in some genera partly, in others over 
the entire margin, provided with teeth or a similar kind of striation. On the whole, 
the oruziya are not very common shells. H. and A. Adams quote 47 recent 
species, and Reeve describes in his Monograph of Ovulwm (Conchologia Iconica, 
1865) 39 species, excluding some species of Volva. 
Neither are the tertiary forms, belonging to this sub-family, numerous, and those 
which are known,—some nine or ten species,—are by authors usually reported among 
the rarest shells. They need to be divided into the different genera, of which Ovula, 
Simnia and Volva appear to be represented. Still by much rarer are the cretaceous 
species, although D’Orbigny and several authors subsequently endeavoured to revert 
N 
