52 CRETACEOUS GASTROPODA 
than had been suspected even a very short time since. At present (1866) four species 
are known from Europe, and two from America; to these we add from Southern 
India five new species, and one identical with an European species. This increases 
the total number of cretaceous Cypree to eleven. Including Erato (which is also 
found represented in Sth. India) and the Psewdocassis helveticus, the number of 
tolerably well-determined cretaceous crprziv# will rise to thirteen. The East 
contributes about one-half to this number, from which it would appear, that even 
during the secondary epoch, the Eastern seas were probably warmer, and the 
cYPR#IN# consequently more numerous, than in the Western seas. The relative 
number seems to increase, as we proceed from America to the Hast, as it did also in 
the Tertiary times, and as it does very remarkably at the present time also. 
The European species are the Cyprea Kayei (Globiconcha ovula, D’Orbigny) ; 
Cyprea ovula, Coquand (xon-Lamarck) from France; Oyprea rostrata, Zekeli, and 
Cyp. mvoluta, Zekeli, sp. (Marginella inwoluta. Zek.; Ovula involuta, Pict. et Camp.)* 
from the Gosau deposits of the North-Eastern Alps;+ and Cyprea Deshayesi, 
Binkhorst (won idem Gray) from the white chalk of Limbourg.} With regard to 
the earliest known cretaceous species, Cyprea bullaria and QC. spirata, Schlotheim, 
we know nothing certain as yet. The species (probably identical) are not Ovule, 
but most probably true Cypree, and if, as Geinitz supposes, the former be identical 
with Strombus ventricosus, Reuss, it is possibly the same as the Cyp. ovula of 
D’Orbigny, or our Cyp. Kaye, Forbes. Gabb described two species from N. America, 
Cyp. Mortoni (Jour. Acad. Phil. 2 Ser. IV. p. 391, Pl. 68, Fig. 8), and Cyprea 
Bayerquet (Paleeont. of California, 1864, I. p. 129), both of which are only imper- 
fect casts and apparently very rare; but they belong to Cyprea.§ 
The South Indian species are Oyprea ficulina (an Aricia) ; Cyp. Newboldi, 
(a Luponia); Cyp. Cunliffei and pilulosa (belonging probably to Laponia) ; Cyp. 
anomala (probably Epona) and Cyp. Kayei (probably a true Cyprea in Gray’s sense). 
* Vide Revision der Gosau Gastropoden, Sitz. d. Akad. Wien, 1865, Bd. LII, p. 64. 
+ The Ovula striata, Zek. (Pseudocassis ?) from the same deposits remaining doubtful. 
t It is to be regretted, that in the splendid monograph of the Gastropoda and Cephalopoda of the Maestricht beds, 
the specific names, used for new species, were not examined with a little more critical care. They often refer to long and 
well-known species, as I have already had occasion to notice (Ammonites Ootacodensis=colligatus, &c., kc). 
§ It would probably be worth while to draw attention here to the Acteonella involuta, Coquand (Paleont. Constantine 
1862, Pl. VI. f. 2) from the cretaceous rocks of North Africa. It appears to be more probably a species of the 
- Cyprurp# than anything else, but as itis only known from a cast, no decided opinion can be formed. It could, 
perhaps, be a Cyphoma of the sub-family ovutinm. If there are any folds on the columella, it could possibly 
pelong to the neighbourhood of Volvulina (Acteonella levis and crassa), but it cannot remain under Acteonella, in 
the sense in which that genus has any claim to be retained. 
