OF SOUTHERN INDIA. 95 
three-fourths of the total height. There are about 14 transverse ribs on the last 
whorl crossed by numerous spiral ribbings, which have posteriorly a sharper margin, 
so as to follow each other like scales. The two uppermost spiral ribs are stronger 
and separated from each other and from the lower ones by broader sulcations ; 
the suture presents a tuberculated margin, swollen up and mostly obliterating 
the prolongations of the transverse ribs; the two spiral ribs are the only ones 
visible on the upper whorls, where they besides exhibit very fine spiral strize. The 
inner lip exposes four or five not very oblique folds, of which the second anterior 
is the strongest. 
Locality.—W. of Kullygoody in whitish soft sandstone; apparently a very 
rare shell. Forbes described his specimen from Pondicherry, but whether from the 
Arrialoor or from the Valudayur beds remains to be proved. 
~ Formation.—Trichinopoly group (?). 
4, VOLUTILITHES RADULA, Sowerby, sp. Pl. IX, Fig. 6. 
1846. Voluta radula, Sow. Forbes, Trans. Geol. Soc. Lond. VII, p. 133, Pl. 12, Fig. 9. 
idem D’Orbigny, Gabb, Pictet, cni others. 
Vol. testa elongate-ovata, spira brevi; vie tertiam partem totius altitudinis 
formante, anfractibus fere planis, ultimo ventricoso, maximo; superficie costulis 
(18-22) transversalibus atque sulcis spiralibus fenestrata, anterioribus plus minusve 
granulosis seu spinulosis; apertura elongata, lateraliter compressa, postice acute 
angulata, antice late effusa ; labro ad marginem undulato ; labio tenui, antice ad mar- 
ginem duabus plicis obliquis ornato; canali longo, supra paulum recurvo. 
Spiral angle 60;° sutural angle 10.° 
Height of last whorl : total height of shell (considered as 1:00) ... 0°73 
Shell elongated, ovate, consisting of about six nearly plane volutions, of which 
the last is somewhat ventricose, occupying a little more than two-thirds of the 
total height. The surface is more or less distinctly granulated. This ornamenta- 
tion arises, as in other similar species, from the undulating margin of the outer lip, 
which is somewhat produced and bent outwards. This raised margin is, as the 
growth of the shell proceeds, retained and forms on the surface transversal tuber- 
culated ribs. It depends then very much upon the state of preservation, whether the 
transversal or spiral sulci are more or less obliterate, and according to these the tuber- 
culated elevations form more or less distinct transversal or spiral ribbings. When the 
tubercles are worn off, the surface appears regularly cancellated. In this state the 
present species is very like the Vol. nitidula, Miller (Petref. Aach. Kreideform. 1851 
II, p. 41, Pl. 5, Fig. 25), from the cretaceous deposits of Aachen and it is very doubt- 
ful, whether this is different at all, as it has only two columellar plaits, like in the 
Indian form under description. On the upper volutions there remain generally not 
more than four or five spiral rows of the tubercles exposed, and the uppermost 
is usually separated from the others by a deeper sulcation. The transverse ribs are 
on the first three or four volutions slightly developed, while the spiral granulated 
