OF SOUTHERN INDIA. 105 
IX. Family—PFASCIOLARIID A. 
It would be desirable, we believe, to unite the usually so-called Fuscrotariupm and 
ToursrweLtw# (with the exclusion of the mzrrrx ) into one family, and to dis- 
tinguish them as sub-families only. The shells are generally easily separable from 
those of the Vozurrpa by the length of the canal, although strict limits can scarcely 
be drawn. The animals of both are, however, very like, but at the same time 
considerably different from those of the Vozurrp.n. 
The head is never very distinctly separated from the body; the tentacles are 
subulate, of moderate length, with the eyes on bulgings within their length, that 
is the eyepedicles are united with the tentacles for some distance; the teeth are on a 
lingual membrane in three series, the middle ones appear to be usually with three 
denticles ; the lateral with numerous denticles in the rascrozarriye and single in the 
TURBINELLING ; the foot is moderately expanded with folded margins, and bears 
always an ovate lamellar operculum with an apical nucleus. 
a. Sub-family—TURBINELLIN #. 
(Vasipz, Adams; TurRBINELLIDa, Gray, Chenu and others.) 
It cannot be questioned that the shells of this group, as restricted by later 
conchologists, are easily distinguished from those of the next, the columellar 
plaits being in the middle of the columellar lip, usually very strong, and not very 
oblique, the shell itself consistent, thick, and not uncommonly covered partially with 
an enamel coating. The two principal genera, best known as Twurbinella (Tur- 
binellus or Mazza) and Scolymus (Vasum, Cynodona or Cynodonta) are very marked, 
the first actually agreeing much more with the Vorvrrpz than with any other 
FascroLarip., although the examination of the animals leaves no doubt as to their 
difference. When we compare, however, the species of Leucozonia of the Fascro-. - 
Lakin, we find that the shell is in its consistency much more of the character of 
the rursivertin# than of the rascrozarunvs#, and that some of the species, very 
similar among themselves, have the plaits less oblique and of nearly equal strength, 
while in others they are placed exactly in a manner similar to that in typical 
Fasciolaria. or this reason only we would propose to treat these two usually called 
families under one name, because they certainly do not exhibit a greater difference 
than for instance do the wrrivz and voLurins, or the FustIvZ and UvRICINZ, being 
respectively parts of the families Vozormsz and Morrcrp». 
There are very few fossil species known, which belong to the TURBINELLIN®, as 
restricted. Most of the tertiary Zwrbinelle belong to Latirus and Leucozonia. 
It is possible that some of the eocene Volute, as V. muricina and others, have more 
relation to Scolymus, than they certainly have to Volutilithes ov other positively 
known Vozvrips, but the means of ascertaining such a point in fossil species are 
soon exhausted. The cretaceous number is still asmaller one. Binkhorst (Monog. 
Gast. et Ceph. Limbg, 1861, pp. 65 and 66), described Turbinella supracretacea 
and plicata, two forms very like each other, and which, if farther researches prove 
2D 
