OF SOUTHERN INDIA. 113 
the whorls angulate below the suture and usually ornamented with spines, or tuber- 
cles corresponding with a notch on the posterior margin of the outer lip, which is 
sharp, and occasionally internally striated, when the shell is thinner; the inner lip 
is always quite smooth, in younger specimens often angulated along the canal, but 
not furnished with a separate plait. 
There are numerous fossil tertiary and cretaceous species, which belong to this 
sub-family, although most of them are usually referred to that universal denomination 
of Pyrula. The imperfectness of the specimens does not permit us to make altera- 
tions in those which have been described and figured; several of them will probably 
be found to belong to Rapana or Tudicla and allied genera of the Purrurivez, 
others to Neptunea, Pollia and other genera of the ruszyz. 
It is equally difficult to say anything about Perissolax, Gabb (1861, Proc. Am. 
Phil. Soc. VIII, p. 122, and Pal. Calif. 1864, I, p. 91), which I think embraces a 
characteristic group of cretaceous shells (? the neogen Fusus Burdigalensis, Bast. 
and others) and may well stand in this sub-family. It is, however, very uncertain to 
state anything regarding Pyrifusus, Conrad (Jour. Acad. Phil. 2. ser. IIT, p. 332, Pl. 35, 
Fig. 12), and still more so as to the sub-generic name Afer (ibid p. 332, Pl. 35, 
Fig. 17,) of the same author; the first is actually quite uncertain, because the aperture 
is not known and the general form is common to a large number of other Wvricrpz ; 
the latter species (/. bellaliratus) does not seem to have any claim to be separated 
from Fusus, for it must first be proved, that the margins of the aperture were of the 
same kind as they are in Fusus afer, Reeve. 
XXV. HEMIFUSUS, Swainson, 1840. 
(Cocuuipium, Gray, 1847.) 
This genus is separated from Melongena and Fulgur chiefly on account of the 
absence of the operculum; the species attributed to it have all a long thin canal, 
the posterior portion of the last whorl being ventricose, inflated and the spire 
very short. The whorls are deeply canaliculated below the suture, the keel being 
sharp and the transverse ribbing terminating on the same in points, bent upwards. 
There are several cretaceous species, described under Fusus, which exhibit the cha- 
racters of this genus perfectly; others which agree in the general form of the shell 
only. Gabb noticed the first North-American forms under the sub-generic name of 
Hemifusus, andadded lately several characteristic species in the Paleeont. of California, 
Vol. I, p. 86. The Strepsidula Ripleyana, Conr. (Jour. Acad. Phil. 2nd.ser. IV, 
p. 286, Pl. 46, Fig. 42) belongs evidently to this genus. 
I refer here two species to Hemifusus, both of which bear in general the cha- 
racters of the living species, usually attributed to the same. 
