OF SOUTHERN INDIA. 373 
The last whorl is sharply angulated at its periphery and rugose; the basis is 
flattened and spirally striated, very slightly impressed in the middle; the aperture 
quadrangular with the columella solid and distinctly twisted ;* the outer lip must 
have been deeply insinuated at the basis, especially towards the periphery, as can 
be seen from the direction of the strize of growth. 
Locality.—Comarapolliam, in whitish sandstone; very rare. 
Formation.—Arrialoor group. 
XC. ZIZIPHINUS, Gray, 1840. 
1. ZizrpHinus (Hvrrocuts ?) GEINITZIANnus, Reuss, sp., Pl. XXIV, Figs, 11-15. 
1840. Trochus granulatus, Geinitz, Char., p. 46, Pl. XV, Fig. 20 (non idem, Roemer, 1839). 
1846, 5 Geinitzianus, Reuss, Bohm. Kreidef., pt. II, p. 112, pl. XLIV, Fig. 24. 
1846. “ Arcotensis, Forbes, Trans. Geol. Soc., London, VII, p. 119, Pl. XIII, Fig. 9. 
1847. ee Jason, dOrbigny, Voyage Astrolabe, Paléont., Pl. IV, Figs. 12-14. 
1847. Solarium deperditum, d’Orbigny, ibidem, Figs. 9-11. 
Ziziph. testa plus minusve depresso-conica, anfractibus 5-7, planis sew conveai- 
usculis, antice prope suturam carinatis, 4-7 striis spiralibus spinulose granulosis 
ornatis, sepissime etiam striis obliquis transversalibus notatis, ultimo ad peripheriam 
semper carinato; basi applanata seu subconvexa, spiraliter granulose striata, 
JSuniculate umbilicata; apertura subquadrata, labro tenui, ad peripheriam acute 
angulato, labio crassiusculo, regionem umbilicalem sepe tegente, antice obtuse ter- 
minantt. 
Spiral angle 75°- 95°; sutural angle 7°- 10°. 
Height of shell : itsdiameter ... (consideredas 1-00) .., ve 1:20—1°35. 
3) 3) ODE whorl : itsiwidth .,. ( Bs 56: phe) ooo .. 0O380—0°40. 
The broadly conical form and the ornamentation are very characteristic of this 
species. When the surface of the shell is well preserved, the spiral strise, being 
generally four or five in number, as well as the transverse ones, are very distinct 
and form in crossing each other small spinose tuberculations. The most anterior of 
the strize is always stronger than the rest, forming especially on the periphery of the 
last volution a distinct keel; posteriorly all the whorls are narrowly flattened. 
In specimens which have the surface of the shell somewhat worn off, the tubercles 
become more rounded and isolated (Fig. 12), or the transverse strize occasionally 
become stronger (Fig. 18) so as to form ribs; and again when the external layer 
of the shell is wholly taken off, the ornamentation is reduced to a few spiral and 
transverse striz, or it disappears-altogether. Connected with the changes of orna- 
mentation, which I believe are principally due to the state of preservation of the 
shell, the originally flat whorls become more or less convex, and then the total 
appearance of the shell is rather subglobose. _ 
The basis of the perfect shell is somewhat convex and covered with spiral 
granulated strive; in imperfect specimens it is more flattened and only spirally 
striated ; the aperture is sub-quadrangular, the inner lip being straight, somewhat 
* Not well shown in our figure. 
4 ¥ 
