20 CATOPHRAGMUS. 
canal, and the granulated surface of the inner lip. Fig. 407. 
C. Echinophora. 
CASSIDE’A. Sw. (From Cassis.) A genus composed of those 
species of Cassis, Auct. as have widened apertures, Ez. fig. 
411. C. Glauca. 
CASSIDULINA. D’Orb. A genus of microsopic Foraminifera. 
CASSIS. (A helmet.) Fam. Purpurifera, Lam. Entomosto- 
mata, Bl. Descr. Oval, ventricose, thick, generally tubercula- 
ted, with a short varicose spire; aperture long, sometimes nar- 
row, with the outer lip thickened and reflected, generally den- 
ticulated; the inner lip spread over the surface of the body 
whorl, incrassated and denticulated at its inner edge; canal 
turned suddenly over the back of the shell. Hab. Seas of tro- 
pical climates. The fossil species are rare, occurring in the ter- 
tiary strata. Obs. The large, common species of this well 
known genus are used as ornaments on chimney pieces, grottos, 
&c. and are remarkable for the triangular disc, presented by the 
inner lip, which is thickened and spread over the front of the 
body whorl, and the angulated outer lip; and as this thicken- 
ing of the lip takes place at various stages of growth, the 
same triangular plane is observable at different parts of 
the spire. The smaller,more rounded species, which do not 
present this peculiarity and have widened apertures, have been 
separated by Swainson, under the generic name Cassipgs. The 
C. rufa, coarctata, &c. have been proposed by Mr. 8. Stutch- 
bury as a new genus, under the name Cypracassis, for reasons 
which will be stated at the word. Cassiparia is distinguished 
by the gradual curve of thecanal. Fig. 410. Cassis tuberosa. 
CASTA’LIA. Lam. Fam. Trigonées, Lam. Descr. Fluviatile, 
equivalve, inequilateral, trigonal, with corroded umbones; 
hinge with two lamellar, transversely striated teeth, one of 
which is posterior, remote from the umbones, short, divided, the 
other anterior, elongated; epidermis thick; internal surface 
pearly. Lamarck, in describing this shell, states, that he regards 
it as intermediate between Trigonia and Unio. It should, how- 
ever, certainly have been placed in the family of ‘ Nayades,”’ 
and perhaps should form a part of the genus Unio itself. C. 
Ambigua, Lam. fig. 140. 
CATIL'LUS. Brong. (A little dish.) [IvocEramus, Sow. 
CATOPHRAG’MUS. Sow. (From Karo, beneath; paypos, 
a place paled in.) Order, Sessile Cirripedes, Lam. Deser. Eight 
principal valves, cemented side by side in a circle, eight smaller 
pointed valves beneath, covering the joints of the upper circle, 
and numerous still smaller valves forming the base of the shell ; 
operculum, four valves. Obs. This is the only genus of Sessile 
Cirripedes consisting of eight principal valves, except Octomeris, 
which is destitute of the accessory pieces from which this genus 
derives its name. Fig. 23, C. Imbricatus. 
