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ELECTRIC AUXILIARIES ON MERCHANT SHIPS. 



Therefore the general cargo ship must be built to handle all kinds of cargo, and at best, 

 therefore, the apparatus with which it is equipped is somewhat of a compromise. 



It is not possible to make any exact general statement as to the proportions of the vari- 

 ous items constituting the cost of operating merchant ships. They may, however, be listed 

 as follows : 



1. Fuel and lubricating oil at sea and in port. 



2. Port charges including wharfage, lighterage, pilot fees, canal dues, stevedoring, tug- 

 boat charges, etc. 



3. Salaries and subsistence. 



4. Upkeep and repairs, deck department. 



5. Upkeep and repairs, engine department. 



6. Supplies, engine, deck and steward's departments. 



7. Insurance. 



8. Loss and damage. 



If we assume a 7,800 deadweight-ton ship fitted with 2,500 horse-power steam turbine 

 on a schedule for coastwise service between New York and Seattle, stopping at San Pedro 

 to load and discharge cargo and making four round trips per year, the charges might be 

 approximately as follows: 



Operating Disbursements. 



Many of these would be afifected by electrification of auxiliaries, and the net reduction 

 would be very considerable. 



1. Fuel, etc. — In the usual marine geared turbine installation with steam auxiliaries, 

 the pressures generally carried are as follows : 



Gauge 



Boiler pressure 210 poimds. 



Turbine bowl 20O pounds. 



Auxiliary steam line 100 pounds. 



Auxihary exhaust 10 pounds. 



Superheat 75° F. 



