168 CARGO TRANSFERENCE AT STEAMSHIP TERMINALS. 
Second.—Economy per ton handled. A saving effected of at least 
one-half. 
Third.—Increased holding or storage capacity on piers. 
Fourth.—Greater working capacity of each pier. 
Fifth—Less port detention, meaning fewer ships to transport a given 
tonnage. 
Sixth —Saving in port investment. 
Seventh.—Improved dray service, and reduction in damage claims from 
breakage. 
Eighth.—A larger return from the money invested in cargo transferring 
machinery, than from any other element of a transportation system. 
No one can long ignore the many changes in all classes of traffic in the 
transition from the local intra-trade to the national or international inter- 
trade. 
Reference might be made to other economies which are the natural 
results of greater rapidity in these freight movements, but it is evident that 
there are many opportunities for improvement. Wherever large numbers 
of men can be replaced by machinery there has always resulted rapidity and 
economy. ; 
Quoting from the first line of the 1911 manual of the American Railway 
Engineering Association, “Times change and we change with them.” If 
we do not, and become laggards in the march of progress and improvement, 
it will be said of us as of others, “His place will know him no more.” 
It is hoped by the author that this paper, necessarily incomplete, and 
not including quay equipment for harbors or inland rivers, will provoke 
criticism and discussion, especially at the present time, so that the many 
future harbor installations in the United States, for which large appropri- 
ations have been made, will be in accordance with the recommendations of 
members of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. 
DISCUSSION. 
THE PRESIDENT :—You have listened with a great deal of interest to the graphic 
presentation of the paper on “Cargo Transference at Steamship Terminals,” by 
Mr. Harding. Are there any remarks to be made on this paper? 
Mr. W. D. Forses, Member of Council:—Mr. President and Gentlemen, this 
paper is one of the most interesting, to me, that has ever been presented to our 
Society. It is on a subject that has been given attention in a rather spasmodic 
i 
