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APPLICATION TO VARIOUS CLASSES OF VESSELS. 199 
these ships are arranged similarly to the above, but with the exception that 
one condenser is fitted instead of two. ‘This is fitted between the low pres- 
sure turbines, both of which exhaust into this condenser placed over the high 
pressure turbine shaft line, the high pressure turbine being pushed forward to 
clear it. This change reduces the number of auxiliaries for only one air and 
circulating pump are in use, which means a saving in steam consumption 
and fewer auxiliaries to keep in order. 
The Cunard liners Lusitania and Mauretania have four-shaft arrange- 
ments of turbines which consist of two independent sets. Each set is com- 
posed of one high pressure and one low pressure on separate shafts and similar 
.to the usual battleship arrangement. In these ships separate astern turbines 
are fitted to the inboard shafts only, and of ample power to allow these 
ships to be maneuvered easily. These ships hold all records on the 
Atlantic and easily maintain 253 knots with fair weather conditions, the 
turbines making about 190 revolutions per minute. 
A modified arrangement of turbines has been adopted in the French 
liner France, nownearing completion, which will further improve the economy 
as the turbines are arranged in series similar to the Spanish battleships. It 
is expected that this ship will have a speed of 23 knots at sea. 
A similar arrangement of machinery is being adopted in the new Cunard 
liner Aquitania now under construction on the Clyde. 
The Canadian Pacific Railway Co. and the Allan line have also under 
construction two large liners for the North Atlantic trade, and these ships 
are being fitted with an arrangement similar to the France. 
In Germany there are under construction for the Hamburg-American 
line, two large vessels with four-shaft arrangements of machinery of the 
Parsons type. 
_ The combination arrangement of turbines and reciprocating engines has 
also given good results. 
This was first carried out in he destroyer H. M. S. Velox completed in 
1903, in which two sets of twin engines were arranged at forward end of the 
low pressure turbines on inboard shafts and connected to exhaust into the 
high pressure turbines on outboard shafts. ‘This was done to improve the 
economy up to a speed of 12 knots, above which the engines were discon- 
nected, and it proved very successful. 
In 1908, the New Zealand S. S. Otaki was installed with a three-shaft 
arrangement of machinery. 
The wing shafts were driven by triple expansion reciprocating engines, 
arranged to exhaust into a low pressure turbine on center line of ship. 
This ship was followed with the Laurentic having a similar arrangement 
