HEAVY-OIL ENGINES FOR MARINE PROPULSION. 237 
Sketches accompanying this paper illustrate the principal features of 
engines of the Diesel type. Space will not permit entering into a detail 
discussion of special features. 
Tests.—Many tests have been made, with various types of these engines, 
and have been given in the technical press of the world. The most important 
results are in connection with fuel consumption. ‘These show an extreme 
range from 0.4 to 0.6 pounds fuel per horse-power-hour. Some of these 
tests have extended overseveral weeks of continuousrunning onthe test stand. 
The results of recent voyages of ships fitted with these engines have demon- 
strated the remarkable fuel economy obtainable. 
EXTENT OF USE OF OIL ENGINES FOR MARINE PURPOSES. 
_ It has been estimated that over 250 vessels in the world are to-day 
fitted with oil engines. Submarine torpedo boats form a large part of this 
number. These vessels usually have from 600 to 2,000 horse-power. France 
is now constructing submarines having two oil engines of 2,500 horse-power 
each. Russia has had gunboats of 600 horse-power each for several years. 
Italy is building a torpedo boat destroyer equipped entirely with oil engines. 
England has ordered a destroyer having an oil engine for cruising purposes 
and steam turbines for high speed. Germany is reported to have an engine 
of 12,000 horse-power for use on one of her latest battleships for cruising 
purposes. Austria has a cruiser with two 900 horse-power two-cycle engines. 
The foregoing does not pretend to be a complete list of what foreign navies 
have already done in connection with these engines. 
In the merchant marine the following instances may be mentioned: 
In Russia a number of tank steamers have been running on the Black 
Sea for the past few years, using oil engines’ of about 600 horse-power. 
In France the barque Quivilly, fitted with two 300 horse-power Nurem- 
burg engines, has crossed the Atlantic three times and her engines have been 
pronounced a great success. “The owners of this vessel are now building 
another ship to be fitted with still larger engines. Other vessels with oil 
engines are in daily use in that country. 
In Germany the firm of Blohm & Voss has already finished a 7,000- 
ton ship to be equipped with two engines of 1,000 horse-power each. ‘These 
are the first double-acting two-cycle oil engines ever built, having been 
designed by the Nuremburg branch of the Maschinenfabrik Augsburg- 
Niirnberg A. G. One of these engines was built by Messrs. Blohm & Voss, 
the other at Nuremburg. These engines are heavy and strongly built and 
run at a slow speed—125 revolutions per minute. These engines have but 
three working cylinders. 
