Figure No. TITLE Page 



45. Holmes wooden stave cylinders being driven at Pier 34, San Francisco 122 



46. Camp process for protecting piles by a concrete jacket applied in place 124 



47. Precast concrete jackets in place over piles 127 



48. Concrete jacketed pile, pre-cast type, showing typical rusting crack above high tide level. . 128 



49. Gunite concrete piling and plant, Los Angeles 129 



50. Handling and driving pre-cast concrete piles, berth 230, Los Angeles Harbor 130 



51. Handling 105-foot concrete pile with 5-point suspension. Pier 3, San Francisco 131 



52. China Basin Terminal, San Francisco, concrete caisson construction 133 



53. Reinforced concrete pier construction of California and Hawaiian Sugar Refining Company 



warehouse at Crockett 133 



54. Driving cylindrical forms for California and Hawaiian Sugar Refining Company warehouse, 



Crockett 134 



55. Untreated Douglas fir pile from 16-pile dolphin at Southern Pacific Alameda Mole, destroyed 



by borers in 2 1 months 1 50 



56. Piling treated bj' Moran process, exposed two years at Georgia Street wharf, Vallejo 152 



57. Piling treated by Paraffine Paint process, Georgia Street wharf, Vallejo 153 



58. Iron piling at Fort Baker 153 



59. Reinforced concrete cylinders. Piers 28 and 35, San Francisco 154 



60. Curves showing rate of loss of creosote under various conditions 168 



61. Test samples A19, Alder, untreated, A20, and A21, Douglas fir dipped in "Elaterite," after 



exposure 178 



62. Test sample A8, Douglas fir treated with "AcZol" after exposure 183 



63. Test sample A7, Douglas fir treated with Williams & Francois oil, after exposure 184 



64. Test samples A13 and B18, pine treated by Bartsch process, after exposure 185 



65. Test sample AlO, Douglas fir with antimony treatment, after exposure 186 



66. Test sample A12, oak with antimony trichloride treatment, after exposure 187 



67. Test sample B12, pine with antimony trichloride treatment, after exposure 187 



68. Interior and exterior views of the shell of Teredo, showing terminology used in description . . 196 



69. Teredo navalis as figured by Jeffreys (1865) 198 



70. Teredo parksi from Pearl Harbor and Cavite 199 



71. Teredo fiircillatus and T. samoaensis 200 



72. Teredo diegensis Bartsch 201 



73. Teredo affinis and T. Irullijormis 202 



74. Bankia setacea, entire animal 203 



75. Pallets and siphons of Bankia setacea 204 



76. Teredo navalis, external view of the anterior end of the body from the right 209 



77. Stereogram of Teredo navalis, and sections 211 



78. Stomach of Teredo navalis 214 



79. Photomicrographs of cross sections of small male specimen of Teredo navalis 216 



80. Shell and foot of Teredo navalis 223 



81. Sections of anterior end of Teredo navalis 225 



82. Relative areas of attachment of the anterior and posterior adductor muscles of Teredo navalis 



and Mya arenaria 226 



83. Boring position of Teredo 227 



84. Teredo shells in burrows 228 



85. Cupped extremities of Teredo and Bankia burrows 229 



86. Boring position of Teredo beginning a side passage at a right angle to former course of burrow 230 



87. Douglas fir timber 6"x8" eaten through in six months at Port Costa 236 



88. Sections of a companion timber to that shown in figure 87 237 



89. Piling at Oakland Mole destroyed in five months by Bankia setacea 238 



90. Split section of pile shown in figure 89 239 



91. Wood borings ejected by Teredo 240 



92. Section through intestine of Teredo navalis, showing a number of diatoms mixed with the 



wood particles - 244 



93. Salinities in San Francisco Bay, 1921 249 



94. Salinities in San Francisco Bay, 1922 251 



95. Seasonal range of temperature in San Francisco Bay 252 



96. Section of untreated fender pile from Avon wharf of Associated Oil Company 254 



