piles are rut off, tlierefore, tlie untiwited wciiid shniild lie jirotected by thciroughly 

 jiaintint; the tup of the cut-off portion with hot creosote. Above the water line, a 

 further coating of thick asphalt may he applied, to prevent the penetration of moisture; 

 below water line the access of borers can be prevented by covering tightly with sheet 

 copper. 



Dapping the piles, which exposes untreatetl wood, should be prohibited except 

 where it is absolutely una\'oidable. If structural members are to be framed into timber 



Fig. 26. (1) Creosoted pile cut off too close above the water. Limnoria attacking top of pile and the 

 corbel. High water point is indicated by the barnacle line. 

 (2) Section vertically through center of pile head and corbel shown in 1. Note the creosoted 

 shell not vet attacked. 



piles, the necessary cutting or framing should be done, as far as possible, on the pieces 

 to be attached to the pile, since they are cheaper to renew (fig. 28). All such attach- 

 ment members should be creosoted if they will be exposed to borer attack, and all 



