198 



Type. The Linnean type has been lost. The species as at present recognized is typihcd h\ the 

 specimen figured by Jeffreys (1865), which is now in the Uniteci States National Museum, Cat. No. 

 194285. Jeffreys' figure is reproduced in figure 69. 



Distribution. Europe, from North Cape to the Mediterranean; South .Africa; Atlantic Coast of 

 North America; San Francisco Bay: Los Angeles Harbor (occasional). 



The wide range of variation in the shell of this species is illustrated in figures 106-109; variations 

 occurring in the pallets are shown in figures 113-114. Some of the causes of this variability will be dis- 

 cussed in detail in a later chapter, together with the question of the specific status of the organism 

 and its general natural history-. 



? 





Fig. 69. Teredo navalis as figured by Jeffreys (1865). 



Teredo parksi Bartsch (1921). Figure 70. 



Site!!. Grayish white, polished, with ridges numerous and close set; anterior lobe large; auricle 

 consistentlv small. 



Pallets. Stalk long, blade short, broad, deeply excavated at the tip, and covered nearly to the base 

 with a dark brown or black epidermis. 



Type. Cat. No. 341132, U. S. National ^Museum; from Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. 



Distribution. Hawaii, Samoa, Philippine Islands. 



This appears to be the dominant species in the Pacific Islands. The pallets cannot be confused 

 with those of any other species, and the shell also is more distinctive and less variable than in most 

 others. 



Teredo bartschi. Clapp (1923). 



Shell. Closely similar to that of T. navalis, but with the auricle typically semi-circular rather than 

 sulvtriangular in outline. 



Pallets. .Approaching those of T. parksi in form, but having distal half only of blade invested with 

 a periostracum, which is light horn-colored and semi-transparent, permitting the calcareous portion 

 to be seen within as an irregular, hour-glass shaped structure, with a deep sinus on either side. 



Type. No. 45301, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; from Port Tampa, Florida. 



Distribution. Atlantic and Gulf coasts, from South Carolina to Texas, with exception of the south- 

 ern tip of Florida (Clapp); San Diego Bay (rare); Nawiliwili, Hawaiian Islands. 



Teredo furciUatiis Miller (1924). Figure 71. 



Shell, .interior lobe shorter and narrower than T. parksi, and the auricle decidedly longer and 

 broader. The shell is less highly polished and transparent, and the ridges of the anterior median area 

 are more coarsely denticulated than in T. parksi. 



Pallets. Stem long and blade small, variable in shape, the distal portion deeply excavated on the 

 outer and usually also on the inner face, although the latter in some cases is only slightly notched. The 

 most distinctive feature of the pallets is the absence of a dark periostracum, the distal portion of the 

 blade being either light yellowish or perfectly white. The name is suggested by the resemblance of the 

 pallets to a small two-tined fork (Latin /iirr/Z/a). 



Type. No. 1729, Museum of the California .\cademy of Sciences, San Francisco; from Tutuila, 

 Samoa. 



Distribution. Samoa and Hawaii (Honolulu Harbor). v 



Teredo diegensis Bartsch (1916). Figure 72. 



Shell. Similar in outline to that of T. navalis, but more finely sculptured and transparent, with 

 numerous close-set ridges. Shell also much smaller than that of T. navalis in adult. 



Pallets. Blade consisting of an oval calcareous base, surmounted by a horny cap, amber to black 

 in color, depending on age and environment. The horny portion is usually deeply excavated at the tip, 

 but may be cut off bluntly. In dried specimens the extremity of the pallet often forms a sort of blister 

 or knob. The two elements of the blade can usually be readily separated without injuni- to either. 



Type. Cat. No. 74219, L'nited States National Museum; from San Diego Bay. 



Distribution. San Diego Bay; Los .Angeles Harbor; San Francisco Bay (one locality); Hawaiian 

 Islands. 



Teredo townsendi Bartsch (1921) is considered a synonym of T. diegensis. A full discussion of this 

 is given in a subsequent chapter. 



