2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BuLL. 81 
to further research. New material was found, outside influence 
noted, and problems presented which will be dealt with in part in 
this paper. 
The immediate vicinity of the ruin is very beautiful and the land 
adjacent to it and the river bed must have presented a splendid 
opportunity for the fields of the village. At present the whole sur- 
face of what might have been their fields is taken up by Mexican dwell- 
ings and agriculture. No evidences of former irrigating ditches or 
other agricultural activities are to be found, unless we except the 
large ‘mother ditch”’ which is still used by the Mexicans and is said 
to be of Indian origin. 
There are two good wells at a point about 500 feet below and away 
from the mesa on which the ruin is located. These may have been 
springs which furnished the water supply for the village when it was 
occupied by the Indians. 
We were told” that there are traces of a large ditch on the mesa 
proper, running from a spring to the village, and bringing the water 
directly into the pueblo, but we were unable to find anything resem- 
bling either a ditch or a spring. 
The ruin itself is located several hundred feet above the river 
bottoms, on a mesa which joins still higher mesas on the south. 
Directly across, on the north side of the river, is the mountain 
known to the Tewa as the ‘T’umayo”’ or ‘‘Chief Pifion Mountain.” 
Several other names have been applied to this mountain, such as 
Black Mountain (English), Cerro de los Burros (Spanish), and 
others. It is also called ‘‘ Abiquiu Mountain.”’ This mountain must 
have been of particular interest to the people of Po-shu, as it, and 
the country immediately around it, furnished them many kinds of 
material for tempering their pottery, stone for making stone arti- 
facts, crystals, quartz, and other minerals for paint and ceremonial 
objects. 
At the northwestern foot of the T’umayo are extensive mineral 
and quartz beds; there may also be fossil beds, although none were 
found. Ata short distance west of the mountain is the beginning 
of a vast field of copper ore of fair grade. 
An abundance of pifion and small cedars covers the country in all 
directions. The growth is especially thick on the mesas south of the 
ruin. The land upon which the ruin is located has been in posses- 
sion of the Cordova family since early in the eighteenth century. 
The exact date of the title deed is not known to the present mem- 
bers of the family. Sefiora Cordova, who is now the head of the 
family, told me that when as a girl she first came to the place the 
walls of the ruin stood a little more above the ground than at pres- 
ent and that occasionally, after a hard rain, a whole pot was found. 
Stories are told of the finding of gypsum fetishes, and I saw one, 
