JEANCON ] EXCAVATIONS IN THE CHAMA VALLEY 5 
of American Research; Dr. Edgar L. Hewett, Mr. Wesley Bradfield, 
Mr. Kenneth Chapman, and Mr. J. P. Harrington, for kindnesses 
and help during the preparation and carrying out of the plans of 
the expedition. I also wish to express special thanks to the mem- 
bers of the Cordova family, Sefiora Gerénima M. de Cordova, 
Senor Celestino C. Cordova, Sefior J. N. E. Quintana, and Sefior 
Emiterio Espinosa, all of whom most graciously gave their consent to 
having the ruin excavated, and manifested by their assistance and 
many courtesies, while we were in camp, the interest they took in 
the work and its progress. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE RUIN 
The buildings composing the ruin surround two plazas or courts. 
Plaza No. 1 is an oblong with a rectangular indentation at the 
northeast corner. Plaza No. 2 is a square without indentation and 
much smaller. The longest row of rooms is 207.65 m. in length. 
The shortest row is 32.30 m. in length and is a row of rooms project- 
ing north of the east line of plaza No. 1. In some of the locations 
the rows are three rooms wide and in some four. At the gateway 
leading out of the ruin, in the west line of plaza No. 1, are one- 
storied rooms, two rooms in arow. These are the only one-storied 
rooms found during our excavation. 
At the northwest corner of plaza No. 1 is a gateway 5.48 m. wide. 
This is guarded by a row of rooms projecting east past the point of 
entrance. In the continuation of the north wall of plaza No. 2 is an 
opening 8.83 m. long, which may have been another gateway. The 
walls in this corner are so badly washed out that in many places 
even the foundation stones are not left, and for this reason it is very 
difficult to establish boundaries. 
Along the inner side of the west central row of plaza No. 1 are the 
charred remains of what was probably a series of porches or bowers, 
composed of upright posts and boughs of trees. These are directly 
in front of the rooms, and, from the fact that the ash extends from 
the base of the wall outward, were probably attached to the main 
wall in some manner. As there are no upper walls standing at 
present it is impossible to definitely say how they were fastened. 
This type of porch or bower is stil] used in many of the pueblas. 
The buildings originally were two and three stories high. This 
we ascertained in the following manner: Taking a room in the center 
row of rooms for an example, a trench was dug across the mound, 
north and south, lengthwise of the room. Enough space was cleared 
to enable us to cut the face of the trench perfectly perpendicular 
and then measurements were made. At a point 3 m. from the east 
wall, sloping southwest and running the entire length of the room, 
