eg BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 81 
While many examples of manos or upper hand-stones were found, 
showing a great variety of form and size, there is nothing unusual in 
any of them, and for that reason they do not need description. There 
were a few that are smaller than the regulation mano, but they do - 
not present any other feature of interest. (Pl. 18, A.) 
MORTARS AND PESTLES 
During the excavation some excellent specimens of large, rough 
mortars were found. Accompanying each mortar was always a large 
spheroid. These were so large and unhandy to grasp that it was re- 
markable that they were used as pestles or grinders in the mortars, 
yet there is no evidence that they were used for any other purpose. 
There are a number of pestles of different shapes and sizes in the 
collection. These were not always found in conjunction with mor- 
tars, but their general form and pecked ends indicate their use. 
A variety of forms were shown in the large mortars. Some were 
very shallow, others huge deep bowls. One form with raised walls 
on three sides suggested the deep oblong metates found in Mexico. 
Some of these may have been used for grinding seeds and roots, 
others for grinding dried meat or pounding fresh meat to make it 
tender. 
The mortars of malpais, tufa, and basalt are rather crude in form. 
In only one specimen was there any attempt to fashion the outside. 
Possibly the mortars in this group were used for pigments and herbs, 
(PL ITO, Vi) 
The small sandstone mortars show that more work was expended 
on them, and with only one exception they are all somewhat shaped 
on the outside. The soft sandstone lends itself easily to shaping, 
and that may be the reason why they are more finished. Some of 
these show striations made by the tool used in excavating the 
bowl CPIM 19 ACB CY) 
The bowl-shaped concretions are most interesting in that they 
were found in the houses and in some cases show some wear. The 
larger ones appear to be volcanic bubbles which were broken off. The 
Indians finding them would naturally think of them as some sort of 
supernatural cup or bowl and take them to their homes. When first 
found by us in the ruin some of them had what appeared to be traces 
of meal in them, and this led to the suggestion that they were used 
as receptacles for sacred meal or pollen. To what use the smaller 
ones were put can not be determined unless we find the present-day 
Pueblos using them. (Pl. 20, A.) 
One curious mortar is made of a small river bowlder with a shallow 
bowl pecked into it. It is 78 mm. long, 63 mm. wide at the widest 
part, and ranging from 138 mm. to 38 mm. in height. The oval 
bowl is 34 mm. in length and 38 mm. in width. The deepest part 
