PAP.^o.'lsf HISTORIC SITES ARCHEOLOGY — ^MATTES 19 



tion Indians (descendants of the Like-a-Fishhook Villagers) and a 

 power scraper rented out by the Corps of Engineers. The net result 

 was additional information concerning Fort Berthold II, and the 

 triumphant discovery of the remains of Fort Berthold I, as well as 

 the rambling village stockade. All this was spurred on by knowledge 

 that approaches to the site (as well as dry exits therefrom) would be 

 flooded before the trading-post area itself went under water. 



After the Fort Berthold finale Woolworth, accompanied by W. 

 Eaymond Wood, went 90 miles upriver to the site of Kipp's trading 

 post, which Smith's reconnaissance party had positively identified in 



1952. Here again a bulldozer was summoned, the site leveled, charred 

 stockade walls exposed, and substantial data were recovered. 



That completes the historic sites salvage picture to date.^ If suffi- 

 cient funds are forthcoming for additional work in this department 

 before the impoundment of waters in Oahe Reservoir, there are several 

 major sites there that should be tackled. Notable among these are the 

 site of Fort Manuel Lisa, on Hunlj:papa Creek just below the south 

 boundary of North Dakota, abandoned because of frontier hostilities 

 during the War of 1812, and the probable burial place of Sacagawea 

 of Lewis and Clark fame (Mattison, 1953 b ; Drumm, 1920 ; Robinson, 

 1924) ; the site of the second Fort Sully, 1866-84, on a high bench not 

 far above the Oahe Dam, among the major military posts of the 

 Dakotas (Hoekman, 1952; U.S. Surg. Gen. Off., 1875); the closely 

 related sites of Cheyenne River Indian Agency Post I and Fort Ben- 

 nett I and II, on Agency Creek, about 7 miles upstream from Fort 

 Sully, 1870-91 (Mattison, 1953 b; U.S. Surg. Gen. Off., 1875; Comm. 

 Ind. Aff., 1870-92) ; Grand River Agency, 1865-73, predecessor of 

 the Standing Rock Reservation Agency at Fort Yates, just above the 

 Grand River, near Mobridge (U.S. Surg. Gen. Off., 1875, pp. 408-409 ; 

 Comm. Ind. Aff., 1868-73) ; and the nearby sites related to the hostil- 

 ities of 1823 between Arikara Indians and the forces under Colonel 

 Leavenworth, General Ashley, and Sioux allies, an encounter that 

 forced the fur traders to explore overland routes to the Rocky Moun- 

 tains, changing "the course of empire" (Mattison, 1953 b; Morgan, 



1953, pp. 42-77; Robinson, 1902). 



By this joint program of the Smitlisonian Institution and the Na- 

 tional Park Service, involving a combination of historical and archeo- 

 logical scholarship, new light is being thrown upon the early, much- 

 obscured history of the Upper Missouri River, the first great route 

 across the American continent. 



•The excavations at Fort Pierre II, Paper No, 18, this bulletin, were carried on and 

 completed after the present paper was written. 



