40 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 176 



Patterned within the stockade walls were the remains of 30 pestholes. 

 The holes averaged 6 inches in diameter. The posts that were placed 

 in these holes either supported a roof enclosing the stockade area, or 

 were supports for individual structures. 



In the north-central and western sectors of the excavation were 

 found areas of burned hay (fig. 2). Southeast, on both sides of the 

 south wall, were piles of burned grain. The presence of hay and grain 

 is further substantiation that the excavation was conducted in the 

 corral stockade area. 



Burned matting was recovered in the north-central section of the 

 stockade and is indicative of human occupation. The sod floors of 

 habitation sites were commonly covered by mats, and the area of 

 burned matting may mark the location of the former teamsters quarters. 



ARTIFACTS 



The greatest assortment of artifacts is classed in that type com- 

 monly found in historic sites, i.e., fragmentary glass, chinaware, and 

 metal pieces. Most of the glassware can be assigned to broken bottles, 

 though a few pieces appear to be fragments of windowpanes. If this 

 latter assignment is correct, it would indicate that at least one of the 

 structures in the corral stockade, perhaps the harness shop, had been 

 equipped with glass windows. 



Metalware was present in profuse quantities. Square-cut nails, 

 spikes, strap iron, files (pi. 8, c) , and iron rings make up the bulk of this 

 material. 



Culinary pieces are represented in a 3-tined fork fragment (pi. 8, d) 

 and a wooden-handled knife (pi. 8, e). 



Two cartridges bear manufacturers' marks on the bases. Both are 

 .50-.70-caliber center-fire pieces, one marked 1-II-85--F (pi, 8, Z), 

 which means January-Kifle-1885-Frankford Arsenal. The other 

 piece (pi. 8, j) has on its base 3-R-80-F (March-Eifle-1880-Frank- 

 ford Arsenal). The shells were manufactured by the U.S. Army at 

 Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, for military purposes. The .r)0-.70 

 was made for the U.S. Rifle, models 1866, 1868,' and 1870. The dates 

 on the cartridges recovered at Whetstone, 1890 and 1886, indicate that 

 they were post-army period at the agency (1868-72) and can be as- 

 signed to the supply base era of the 18S0's (Howard, MS., Appen- 

 dix V). One other shell (pi. 8, k) is a .44-caliber center-fire piece, 

 used in the .44-40 Winchester, Colt Lightning Magazine Rifle or 

 revolver. This cartridge type was manufactured in the post-1870's. 



The textile pieces, floor or wall matting, and portions of a 3-ply 

 rope were the only perishable artifacts recovered. All had been 

 carbonized by the fire that destroyed the corral stockade area. Two 

 of the matt pieces (pi. 9, h, i) are wickerwork weave, and another 

 (pi. 9, g) is checkerwork. 



