pip. Nairf' EXCAVATIONS AT FORT LOOKOUT II — ^MILLER 79 



INDIAN ARTIFACTS 



A catlinite pipe-bowl fragment was found in the fill above the floor 

 of the trading post. It does not indicate that it was ever smoked. 

 The surface of the bore is perfectly clean and shows the "rifling" left 

 by the drill. Whether this fragment was brought up by gopher ac- 

 tion, wliich was noted in parts of the site, from a deeper deposit, or 

 was dropped there later could not be determined, since it was collected 

 during the earlier excavation. It is the only piece of catlinite found 

 in the historic horizon. "Whether it formed a part of a tubular, a plat- 

 form, or an elbow pipe could not be determined. It definitely is of 

 Indian origin and may represent a discarded fragment from a pipe 

 which broke during manufacture. 



A number of other Indian stone artifacts, mostly surface finds, came 

 from the historic levels. They include small, thin, triangular pro- 

 jectile points of the late Mississippia type, a nmnber of crudely 

 chipped knives of Bijou quartzite, two amorphous standstone hones, 

 an arrow-shaft straightener, and a number of snub-nosed scrapers. 

 This whole assemblage of artifacts could be attributed to various ele- 

 ments of late Siouan groups who controlled that section of South 

 Dakota. 



SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 



During 1947 Merrill J. Mattes, of the National Park Service, His- 

 tory Division, made a historical survey of the Fort Randall Reservoir 

 area. Part of this program was an effort to determine the site occu- 



