pIp. mnf' EXCAVATIONS AT FORT LOOKOUT n — MILLER 81 



and that would account for their scarcity. In actual numbers, glass 

 trade beads were the most plentiful. A number of them resemble some 

 of the Hudson's Bay Company's types. A deep-blue, smoothed round 

 bead, which occurred fairly frequently throughout the site, has been 

 assigned a date of about 1825 in sites in the Northwest. It could have 

 reached South Dakota somewhat later ; its presence there fits reason- 

 ably well within the known span of occupancy at Site 39LM57. The 

 white beads with their pleasing iridescent sheen resemble "pearls," 

 which may account for their popularity. Iron nails, at this period, 

 were undergoing a technological change with the introduction of the 

 square machine-cut variety. Formerly most nails were handmade and 

 were usually produced at a local forge. Both varieties were found in 

 the trading-post levels. Macliine-cut nails came into vogue sometime 

 during the late 1830's and early 1840's and their presence here helps 

 to date the deposits. The remaining types of artifacts are of such a 

 general nature that it is not possible to use them as tune indicators. 

 The excavations at Site 39LM57 have contributed to historical 

 knowledge of this area in South Dakota in that they definitely estab- 

 lished the location of an Upper Missouri trading post, namely Fort 

 Lookout II, 1831-40, of the French Fur Trading Co., and the La Barge 

 post of 1840-51. This becomes one of the few early trading post sites 

 so identified. The main artifacts group well witliin the 1800-1850 

 period. 



SELECTED BIBLIOGKAPHY 



Beck, Horace C. 



1928. Classification and nomenclature of beads and pendants. Archaeol- 

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 DrLLON, Edward. 



1907. Glass. London. 

 Dtjnhiix,, Alfred. 



1924. The pipe book. London. 

 FoKD, Grace Hornet. 



1943. The button collector's history. Springfield, Mass. 

 Garth, Thomas. 



MS. Archaeological reconnaissance of historic sites in the Fort Randall 

 Reservoir area: A preliminary report. MS. in Missouri River 

 Basin Surveys files, Lincoln, Nebr. 

 Greenman, Emerson. 



1951. Old Birch Island Cemetery and the early historic trade route, Georgian 

 Bay, Ontario. Occasional Contrs., Mus. Anthrop., Univ. Michigan, 

 No. 11. Ann Arbor. 

 Harrington, Jean C. 



1951. Tobacco pipes from Jamestown. Quart. Bull., vol. 5, No. 4. Archaeol. 

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 Jones, V7. Unite. 



1928. The button industry. London. 



