94 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 176 



"bastions" (i.e., blockhouses). The stockade proper, on this author- 

 ity, then "constituted about two-third of the entire enclosure," vari- 

 ous buildings forming a part of the enclosure except along the front. 

 DeLand states that the precise date of abandonment of this estab- 

 lishment is not clear, but that it was superseded by a "New Ft. Pierre." 

 He also states that Galpin was in charge of the various posts of the 

 Fort Pierre group used by the American Fur Company (i.e., the 

 Chouteau firm) from the time of the building of this "Ft. Galpin" until 

 the company went out of business at this point, and that as late as 

 about 1865 he assisted in hauling timber from "old Fort Pierre" with 

 which to construct a store on the east side of the river, near the first 

 Fort Sully military post, adjacent to Farm Island, in present Hughes 

 County. 



DeLand further states that in 1859 a second Fort Pierre, or "New 

 Fort Pierre," was built in this area, though some work had probably 

 been done on it the previous year (DeLand, 1902, pp. 369-370). This 

 establisliment, he states, was situated 1% m,iles above (north of) the 

 site of old Fort Pierre, and "some twenty rods or so south of the 

 southern end of an island at that point in the Missouri Kiver." This 

 statement probably refers to a timbered flat, now joined to the main- 

 land, below Wood Island, and lying largely in sections 32 and 33, T. 

 5 N., K. 6 E. (Cf. Corps of Engineers map, 1947, sheet 68. The 

 original General Land Office plat of the township reveals that by 

 1890 this flat had already been joined to the mainland. Cf. G.L.O. 

 plat of T. 5 N., K. 6 E., Black Hills Meridian, in South Dakota 

 Department of School and Public Lands.) 



DeLand was unable to state the source of timber used in building 

 this "New Fort Pierre," but thought that there was little reason to 

 doubt that before it was completed some of its materials had come 

 from the old post, i.e., that abandoned by the traders in 1855. This 

 is confirmed by a brief entry in Eaynolds' journal for September 10, 

 1860, made while he was en route downriver to Fort Randall, an 

 entry that gives a final glimpse of the famous old trading post. Fort 

 Pierre Chouteau: "As we passed old Fort Pierre I noticed that but 

 little was left of the structure, the remains consisting of the shell 

 of one row of houses, and the demolition of this Avas in progress, the 

 material being used in the new fort [i.e.. Fort Pierre II]" (Raynolds, 

 1868, p. 121). 



Joseph Wandel, who about this time was employed by the Chouteau 

 firm (or by someone connected with it), is quoted by DeLand con- 

 cerning this "New Fort Pierre." From this source it is probable that 

 after the abandonment by the War Department of the original Fort 

 Pierre, about 1857, building materials were moved upriver from it to 

 the new site adjacent to "Seven-Mile Timber," and just opposite the 

 lower end of the timber, about 300 yards from the river. (This loca- 



