106 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 176 



their rescue. Finding the hostiles under White Lodge encamped op- 

 posite the mouth of the Grand Eiver (present Walworth County, 

 S. Dak.) — themselves apparently now fast running out of provisions — 

 Waneta and his band were able, after much parley and further risks to 

 the Wliite prisoners, to exchange them and to effect their safe return 

 to Fort Pierre, whence they were taken to Fort Randall and ultimately 

 to relatives. From the recollections of 1st Sgt. A. M. English, it is 

 known that his company (A, of the Dakota Cavalry) reached Fort 

 Pierre shortly after the captives, under escort, had departed for 

 Fort Randall, whither the company itself returned a few days after- 

 ward (English, 1918, pp. 261-262). 



For several years, beginning with the summer of 1862, all events in 

 the Missouri valley were oriented about a single major theme, that of 

 the subjugation and pacification of the Sioux, and amid the swirl of 

 events of the following years, Fort Pierre II fades into obscurity. 

 At the outset, the famous outbreak of the Santee concerned only these 

 more easterly relatives of the Teton, Yankton, and Yanktonais, and 

 the Dakota of the Missouri valley proper were never involved in fully 

 organized rebellion, as were the Santee. With the flight of remnants 

 of hostile Santee bands into Dakota Territory after the campaigns 

 against them of Gen. Henry H. Sibley of Minnesota, in August and 

 September, the westerly Dakota became ever more involved in the 

 hostilities. 



Early in 1863, plans were laid for punitive expeditions against all 

 the Sioux, and one column, largely infantry under Sibley, moved from 

 the Minnesota Valley to the Devil's Lake region, while the other, 

 largely cavalry under Gen. Alfred Sully (which it had been intended 

 should converge with the first) , moved somewhat belatedly to the same 

 area. (The full details of these campaigns have been ably recounted 

 in Folwell, 1924, vol. 2, pp. 265-301.) Sully, who was unable to pro- 

 ceed beyond Fort Pierre until August 21, and thereby failed to join 

 Sibley, engaged the hostiles at White Stone Hill (in southeastern 

 North Dakota) on September 3 and 5, Sibley having previously 

 clashed with hostile Indians at Big Mound, Dead Buffalo Lake, and 

 Stony Lake, in late July. With the year 1864, Sully was to assume 

 the chief role in further pursuit of the recalcitrant Sioux, his campaign 

 of that year culminating in the battle in the Killdeer Mountains, July 

 28-29, where the camps were largely those of Teton Dakota. During 

 1865 there were still further campaigns, ended only by a Peace Com- 

 mission that met in the fall at Fort Sully, a new military establisliment 

 below Fort Pierre. 



Few details seem to have been preserved during these troubled 

 years of events at Fort Pierre II, or about its trade. James Harkness, 

 in a diary of a journey upriver to Fort Benton, and returning to St. 

 Louis, in 1862, refers briefly to the post in an entry made September 20 



