120 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 176 



by Miss Barbara Kell, former reference librarian, may serve as 

 illustrations : 



(1) Inventory of "stock property" of the Upper Missouri Outfit at Fort Pierre, 

 June 1, 1857. By this date, the military had abandoned Fort Pierre Chouteau, 

 and the inventory presumably shows property repossessed by the Company, 

 which had not yet been paid for by the Federal Government for the post ; this 

 property may have been moved to Fort Galpin, the temporary post referred to 

 above (p. 93), used until the establishment of Fort Pierre II in 1859. 



(2) Invoice of goods shipped to Fort Pierre by P. Chouteau, Jr., and Co., May 

 14, 1858. The invoice should reveal kinds of goods received at this point just 

 prior to establishment of Fort Pierre II, for comparison with earlier and later 

 invoices. 



(3) Invoice of goods, etc., shipped to Fort Pierre [II] by P. Chouteau, Jr., and 

 Co., May 23, 1859. 



(4) Invoice of lumber. Fort Pierre [II] to P. Chouteau, Jr., and Co., July 27, 



1859. Evidence of "export trade" from the post, downriver, perhaps to military 

 posts such as Fort Randall, or to consignees at Sioux City, Iowa, and other river 

 communities. 



(5) Bill of lading and invoice of goods shipped to Galpin by P. Chouteau, Jr., 

 and Co., Sept. 7, 1859. 



(6) Invoice of merchandise furnished Fort Benton, by Fort Pierre, May 25, 



1860. Evidence that Fort Pierre II continued, at least on occasion, the depot 

 function of Fort Pierre Chouteau, supplying more distant posts. 



(7) Insurance policies on merchandise shipped to Fort Pierre and other points, 

 April 11, 1864. Evidence that even after the removal of Company interests from 

 Fort Pierre II in 1863 the use of the name "Ft. Pierre" persisted ; the record 

 should be useful for comparison with data on shipments of previous date. 



The stockade of Fort Pierre II had been formed of a single con- 

 tinuous row of logs or heavy timbers, closely set on end in a trench 

 prepared to receive them, on the four sides of the enclosure, the ends 

 of the posts having been held in place by earth, probably tamped in. 

 No evidence was found that throws light on methods of tying timbers 

 together above ground, or bracing them, in order to keep the posts 

 in alinement. Various sections of the once-continuous line of posts 

 were seen in excavation in exposed post butts in the prepared trench, 

 and, wliere tlie post butts were lacking, the alinement of the trench was 

 clearly marked in soil discoloration, without interruption except at 

 two points, to be noted. These discolorations were not uniform in 

 character. At some points, the undisturbed sandy subsoil was darker 

 than the fill in the trench; elsewhere, the fill in the trench (sometimes 

 containing bits of charcoal or ash) was darker than the undisturbed 

 earth on either side (pis. 20, h; 21, a, h). Throughout the entire 

 course of the stockade, as well as at sites of interior structures of the 

 post, it was seen that fire was a major factor in destroying the original 

 post. Whether this fire destruction was accidental or purposeful is 

 unknown, or whether more than a single major fire was responsible. 



In many sections of the original stockade trench, little or no wood 

 remains, either decayed or charred, had been preserved. The timbers 



