pip.^No.l8t ■^^^'^ PIERRE II — SMITH 137 



service (such as the bugle of the infantry) with the less formal forage cap, or 

 on the front of the officer's felt hat. A similar specimen was obtained at the 

 site of Fort Stevenson (Smith, 1960). 



Buttons, military. — No. 1069 : Brass uniform button, diameter % of an inch ; 

 regulation U.S. Army style, with devices and, on the reverse, the die-stamped 

 legend: "Extra/Quality," only. Nos. 130, 1070: Two brass uniform buttons, 

 diameter %6 inch; regulation U.S. Army style, the shield bearing the letter "D" 

 in relief (indicating the company letter) and, on the reverse, the die-stamped 

 legend: "Scovills [sic] & Co./Extra" (pi. 9, e). No. 1071: Another specimen is 

 identical except in having the letter "I" on the face, and in lacking a manufac- 

 turer's mark on the reverse (pi. 27, c). The Scovill Company, of Waterbury, 

 Conn., has long been one of the chief American manufacturers of uniform but- 

 tons and other brass and metal products (Lathrop, 1926, pp. 88, 101-102). 

 Similar Scovill specimens have been obtained at the site of Fort Berthold II 

 and elsewhere (Smith, MS.). 



Companies D and I of the 8th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry and Companies 

 D and I of the 2d Minnesota Volunteer Cavalry were included in the Sully 

 command of the summer of 1864, and served on the Dakota and Nebraska terri- 

 torial frontier (Minnesota, 1890-93, vol. 1, pp. 386-415; 543-571). 



Nos. 131, 1072 : Two brass uniform buttons, diameter %q of an inch ; regulation 

 U.S. Navy style, with spread eagle (head to right), anchor, 13 stars and, on 

 the reverse, the die-stamped legend: "Scovills [sic] & Co." (pi. 27, 6 and d). 

 The presence of Navy buttons at this site might be explained by the suggestion 

 that they were surplus military goods issued to the Indians by the Indian Office, 

 during the period 1859-1863 or subsequently. 



Scabbard. — No. 1042: Brass tip only; conical, length SYs inches (pi. 27, a). 



PERSONAL POSSESSIONS 

 (C/. also Trade Goods) 



Medal, religious. — No. 505 : Roman Catholic medal, cast brass, oval with 

 loop; height 28.0 mm., width 20.0 mm. (pi. 27, g and h). Obverse: figure of 

 the Virgin Mary, with rayed hands, upon a hemisphere, surrounded by the 

 legend "O Marie Consue Sau Peche Priez Pour Nous/Qui Avons Recourse 

 a Vous" and the date, 1830. Reverse: figure of St. Patrick with crosier, 

 which pins a snake to the ground at his feet, and surrounded by the legend: 

 "Saint Patrick Priez Pour Nous." 



In the year 1830, Catherine Laboure (subsequently canonized) experienced 

 visions of the Virgin, and the Order of the Sacred Heart was established in 

 commemoration of these events. The first medals of the Order are said to have 

 been struck in 1832 (Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 10, p. 115). Two other 

 Catholic medals were obtained at the site of Fort Berthold II, one of these 

 of the slightly later variety ordinarily referred to as the Miraculous Medal 

 (bearing the letter M, a cross, and two hearts bearing flames, and on the 

 reverse an image of the Virgin also) (Smith, MS.). 



Despite the legends of this medal, its manufacture may have been else- 

 where than in France; Spanish-language medals, designed for the Mexican 

 market, are said to have been struck at Birmingham, England (long a center 

 of the manufacture of metal goods for export) at this period (Gregg, 1954, pp. 

 174-175 and note). In this connection, it is probably worthy of note that the 

 name of the saint here appears in the English form (Patrick), though the 

 legend is in French. 



Coins. — No. 1011 : Silver U.S. dime, dated 1857, without mint mark, indi- 

 cating the Philadelphia mint (pi. 27, ;). No. 1010: Silver U.S. quarter dollar, 



