PAP.^alst ^ORT PIERRE II — SMITH 139 



be from pipes of the style described above (No. 193), having a calyxlike bowl 

 decoration. 



Cosmetic jars. — No. 228: Cream-white glazed earthenware jar (top only), 

 lacking decoration or marks ; height % of an inch, diameter 2% inclaes, prob- 

 ably for cosmetic (such as shaving soap) or powdered snuff (pi. 27, v). No. 

 1145 : Fragment of top of similar specimen, diameter ca. 3 inches, having (in 

 black transfer) manufacturer's marks with floral border: ". . . Pre[mium /Sh] 

 aving Crea[m] / . . . & Silver Medals award [ed ...]/... Institutes of 

 New Yor[k . . . / Phi]ladelphia & Boston [...]/ X. Bazin, / 114 Chestnut 

 St. / [Phi]ladelphia . . ." (pi. 27, w). A small fragment of the top of another 

 specimen (No. 440) has a floral decoration in dark red, similar but not identical. 



Xavier Bazin, perfumer, is listed in Philadelphia directories as having been 

 located at 114 Chestnut Street from 1850 to 1856 ; in the latter year he removed 

 to 166 Chestnut, and in 1869 took a partner (information from R. N. Williams, 

 2d, Director, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Nov. 19, 1957). It is therefore 

 probable that this fragmentary specimen of his jars for soap was manufactured 

 prior to 1856. No. 707 : A portion of the side of a small clear-glass jar, height 

 ca. 214 inches, diameter ca. 1% inches, and cylindrical in shape, with numerous 

 small side panels, is probably also a cosmetic container. 



Comb, ornamental. — No. 1235: Brass frame only, having a floral die-stamped 

 design and small glass insets (some lacking) ; width 4% inches (pi. 27, x). 



Comb. — Nos. 34, 1108: Two fragments of black hard-rubber comb, of a style 

 with fine teeth on two edges, often used for infants' hair, and believed to have 

 been much used in the Indian trade, specifically for ridding head hair of vermin. 



Doll. — No. 1096: Foot only of good quality white "porcelain" doll, the shoe 

 painted black, with lacing on the inner side of the ankle, and buff on the sole ; 

 the shoe is notably pointed, and is of a style of footwear of the 1860's; length 

 of shoe approximately 2 inches (pi. 27, u). No. 1144: Fragment of a grayish- 

 white "porcelain" doll leg, diameter ca. 1 inch (hollow). 



Figurine or vase. — No. 797: Fragment of the rectangular base of a white 

 "porcelain" figurine or miniature vase, with traces of gilding. 



Marble (cJiild's). — No. 1093: White (apparently natural marble), with traces 

 of narrow painted red bands about the middle, diameter % of an inch (pi. 27, t). 



Thread. — No. 156: Fragment of cotton (?) thread, apparently preserved be- 

 cause of contact with copper salts. 



Pins, garment. — Nos. 127, 209: Thirteen common brass pins, with small 

 heads ; lengths 1 to li/^ inches. 



Buckles, suspender. — No. 1022: "White metal" and iron, width ly^ inches; 

 die-stamped with simple floral decoration. No. 1021: Another specimen, of 

 brass, also die-stamped with a floral decoration. 



Garment hook. — No. 148 : Brass, with loops for fastening by sewing ; length 

 11.0 mm. ; used with an eye, fastened to an opposite edge of a garment. This 

 device, formerly (like the shoe button) so very common, was originally devised 

 to meet the needs of persons who for i-eligious reasons did not wear garment 

 buttons — groups such as the Amish (a conservative division of the Mennonite 

 sect). Once available in the market, "hooks and eyes" were sold in vast quan- 

 tities; in recent years the demand for them has steadily declined in the face 

 of competition from newer shoe- and garment-fastening devices such as the 

 slide-fastener. (A copyright was issued in 1923 to the B. F. Goodrich Co., for 

 the name "Zipper," for overshoes equipped with these special slide fasteners; 

 this trade name is today almost more familiar than the generic name, "slide 

 fastener." ) 



