144 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 176 



with scrolls, and types having the "sunburst" motif, are also present (cf. p. 136) ; 

 one, No. 473, still retains the legend "Old Rye" (pi. 25, ; ) . 



Fruit pits. — No. 1128: Peach pit. Nos. 11, 1129: Pits of native fruits, prob- 

 ably including wild plum and chokecherry. 



Animal hone (food-refuse). — Native animal varieties, represented here by 

 various lots of fragmentary bone, and doubtless contributing their share to the 

 subsistence of the trading post, include Bison (or Bos, beef), deer or antelope, 

 jackrabbit, and cottontail. One domesticated animal, the hog, is also repre- 

 sented, though it is probable that hogs would not have been introduced here 

 until the later period of agriculture and permanent homesteading. (Identifica- 

 tions of these and other bone materials were made by Dr. Theodore E. White, 

 National Park Service, formerly of the Missouri Basin Project. ) 



ARTIFACTS OF NATIVE SIGNIFICANCE 



Hammerstones. — No. 160: Ovoid, yellow crystalline quartz pebble (broken), 

 having deep pitting on edges, as a result of use ; probably broken in use ; maxi- 

 mum length 102 mm.; maximum thickness 45 mm. (pi. 30, m). No. 159: Ovoid, 

 naturally smooth fine-grain granite pebble ("mano" shape), maximum length 

 126 mm. ; thickness 40 mm., having slight pitting at extremities, as a result of 

 use; may also have been used as a grinding stone (pi. 30, I). No. 585: Ovoid 

 granitic pebble, maximum length 52 mm. ; maximum thickness 34 mm., with 

 slight pitting at extremities (pi. 30, k). No. 1119: Ovoid, slightly flat slaty 

 pebble; maximum length 71 mm.; maximum thickness 16 mm.; the entire 

 circumference at the edges is pitted (pi. 30, ;') . 



Point (stone). — No. 1109: Small triangular grayish flint point; height 22 mm., 

 fire damaged. 



Knife (stone). — No. 4: Small fragment of milky plate chalcedony knife, with 

 one flaked edge. 



Pottery. — No. 538 : Six small body sherds, thin ware, incised decoration, Nos. 

 1/1, 1/2, 157, 158, 582: Five small body sherds, having cord-wrapped paddling 

 or incised decoration. No. 1214 : Small plain micaceous rimsherd. No. 1230 : 

 Similar rimsherd, except having cord impressions on the lip. 



CatUnite objects. — Pipes, tobacco: One (No. 727) has a cylindrical (slightly 

 flaring) bowl, lacking the stem portion; is undecorated but has a tapering, 

 beveled projection opposite the smoker ; height of bowl and stem portion 73 mm., 

 exterior diameter of bowl 27 mm. (pi. 30, d). Three fragments of stem portions 

 (Nos. 166, 1136, 1137) of similar pipes, having a flattened surface upon which 

 to rest the pipe. One other bowl fragment (No. 2) is crudely decorated with 

 straight-line engraving (pi. 30, e). Nos. 828, 829, 1132, 1133, 1134, 1138, 1231: 

 Seven additional fragments having similar plain bowls ; one is fire damaged 

 after use. 



Four fragments of catlinite (Nos. 139, 167, 830, 831) are portions of the tapered, 

 beveled projections of pipe bowls opposite to the smoker ; two of these have 

 been ground smooth on the broken surface, after breakage; one (No. 830) has 

 been prepared for lead inlay on four sides (pi. 30, /) ; one is fire damaged 

 after use. 



Catlinite objects, products of various native Indian groups who frequented the 

 quarries in southwestern Minnesota, were purchased by White traders at one 

 period for trade with other native groups — an interesting example of cultural 

 exchange (Hayden, 1867, p. 274). Comparable late 19th-century artifacts of 

 catlinite have been foimd at many excavated sites, such as Like-a-Fishhook 

 Village and Fort Berthold II (Smith, MS.). 



One unique specimen of pipe bowl (No. 1135), of catlinite, has a flat, rec- 

 tangular bowl, for use with a reed stem ; height 44 mm., width 27 mm., thickness 



