PAP.^No.' ist FORT PIERRE II — SMITH 145 



13 mm,, the base beveled from the two sides ; the bowl opening is forward, away 

 from the smoker, and the interior is tapered to meet the stem hole, also tapered, at 

 right angles (pi. 30, ^). This specimen also has crude fine-line engraving on the 

 side to the left of the smoker (a human figure in half profile), to the right of the 

 smoker (a human face, fuUface, with long hair and beard), and toward the 

 smoker (a human figure in profile). The piece may equally well have been made 

 by a White person rather than by an Indian. 



Two small catlinite objects (Nos. 1131, 1130), perhaps also products of White 

 men, as leisure-time activities or as pocket pieces, are also present (pi. 30, h 

 and i). The first, smoothly polished, is pear shaped, and has a maximum 

 dimension of 25 mm. The second is a flattened sphere, maximum diameter 

 27 mm., engraved with letters: "Pat," "Hat," "Cat," "Dog," "Zie-zie [?]" 

 (perhaps a personal name), "H," and other obscure letters. 



A ringlike catlinite object (No. 827), perhaps an ornament, may originally 

 have been a section of the rim of a pipe bowl ; this has a crudely cut groove about 

 the circumference, diameter 23.0 mm. Fragments of two partially finished ob- 

 jects (Nos. 168, 586, 1140) are too small to reveal original complete shapes. 



Two sawed and polished chunks of catlinite (Nos. 169, 539) were too small 

 or too poor in quality to have been further worked. The presence at this site 

 of fragments of such raw materials suggests that native groups visiting here 

 had themselves frequently visited the quarries for materials, distant approxi- 

 mately 250 miles. The Yankton Dakota traditionally claimed the exclusive 

 right of working these quarries, but other groups considered the quarries com- 

 mon property so far as their exploitation was concerned. 



A fragment (No. 161) of typical Sioux quartzite, preserving evidence of having 

 been roughly shaped by pecking and sawing, is also present. This quartzite 

 overlies the true catlinite at the Minnesota quarries. 



Bead {shell and metal). — No. 10: Disk-shaped shell bead, diameter 12 mm., 

 thickness 4 mm., having a loop of fine brass wire, probably for suspension as an 

 ear ornament, or on a garment (pi. 29, 6). 



Gaming pieces. — Nos. 1141, 1142, 1160: Three gaming pieces, fashioned of 

 glazed earthenwares, doubtless by native players, and having ground or chipped 

 edges (pi. 30, a, c, &), The first is oval, made of a sherd of buff and brown 

 queensware, 22 mm. in length ; the second is also oval, of whiteware, having a 

 floral design, hand decorated, length 17 mm. The third is round, of brown and 

 gray-white queensware, diameter 14 mm. Comparable specimens were obtained 

 at the site of Fort Berthold II ( Smith, MS. ) . The use of such pieces in native 

 games of the plima-stone game type, is well known from at least one con- 

 temporary authority (Denig, 1930, p. 567, and pi. 72). 



Concretion. — No. 1120: Spherical natural concretion (probably iron-bearing), 

 diameter ca. 28 mm. The specimen does not appear to have been modified in 

 any way, but may well have been a personal possession of an Indian visitor to 

 the post, or a pocket piece of one of the traders. 



MISCELLANEOUS 



Human bone. — No. 1275 : Three skull fragments, fire damaged and much 

 weathered, and too small to allow precise identification. These fragments 

 were obtained together with animal bone from cellar A, which after use had 

 been intentionally refilled with random debris, and these fragments may origi- 

 nally have come from a disturbed native burial near the present site, such as 

 site 39ST16, the Breeden Indian Village site, distant no more than a thousand 

 feet, and situated on the first valley terrace. No. 1181A : A fragment of himian 

 sacrum, scorched (possibly in recent agricultural operations, as are a number 

 of the animal bones recovered). 



