182 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Boll. 176 



cellar, mentioned above, reached a greater depth below the original 

 ground surface. The whole site was then cleared of building debris 

 and accumulated earth, by excavating to the level of the original 

 ground surface within the foundations, in the interior of the original 

 building (pis. 36, a, h ; 37, a) . This old surface was clearly evident in 

 a level dark loam, undisturbed except where penetrated by building 

 foundations and the trenches originally made for their construction. 

 At points at which the footings were not preserved to their full 

 height, the masonry rose but 4 to 6 inches, at most, above the old 

 ground level. At other points, depending upon slight variations in 

 the contours of the original surface, the masonry was actually flush 

 with it. Within the interior of the building area the average accumu- 

 lation of debris, resting on the old surface, was no more than 3 to 6 

 inches, though at some points there were actual slight elevations, the 

 sites of collapsed portions of Avails or of chimneys (pis. 36, h, 37, a; 

 fig. 16). 



Like most of the larger buildings at Fort Stevenson, the Hospital 

 was built of timber, adobe brick, common fired brick, stone, and related 

 materials. The inspection report of 1879 described the construction of 

 these buildings as having been "of adobe set up in frames on rock foun- 

 dations," the roofs being high and shingled, and the buildings one story 

 in height (Mattison, 1951, p. 33). Excavation afforded evideiice that 

 there had been some difference in the design of wall members in the dif- 

 ferent buildings of the post (even among those in which adobe brick 

 were used), and comments on this matter appear elsewhere in the 

 present report. The precise design of the walls of the Hospital, 

 however, was not evident because of the fire and the extensive changes 

 that had taken place at the site subsequent to the destruction of the 

 building by fire. 



The walls of the Hospital, comprising adobe-brick masonry and, 

 presumably, timber, had rested on massive stone footings that, in part 

 at least, were set with lime mortar. Tlie footings here averaged 18 

 inches in thickness (pi. 38, a, h; fig. 16). The inspection report cited 

 recorded that the walls of certain buildings of the post were "about 

 14 inches" in thickness (Mattison, 1951, p. 33). Tliis was the thick- 

 ness of wall remnants found at the site of the South Barracks, to be 

 described, and there is no reason to doubt that this was also the case 

 at the Hospital, though no portions of the adobe-brick walls proper 

 were preserved in place on the footings here. 



At some points, this stone masonry footing was preserved to its full 

 original height, and in some parts of its course, at least, the upper 

 surface had been made quite level, by the use of lime mortar, to re- 

 ceive the walls (pis. 37, & ; 38, &). It seems probable that the original 

 intention had been that these footings should all be laid in lime mortar, 

 but the practice had, apparently, soon been abandoned, perhaps be- 



