184 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 176 



of earth, in part probably wind deposited, but largely the remnant 

 materials from the disintegration of the adobe bricks and adobe mor- 

 tar. Much of the adobe brick and mortar had been altered by fire 

 at the time of the destruction of the building. As a result, it was pos- 

 sible, on excavation, to isolate and remove individual bricks, acciden- 

 tally fired ; this was not possible with the unfired bricks occasionally 

 seen. This debris within the site of the building, as has been stated, 

 was relatively shallow except in areas such as that of the West Wing, 

 over which the earth cellar had been built. Few intelligible details 

 of original construction were found, with the exception of an occa- 

 sional stone or fired-brick footing for floor joists, of collapsed portions 

 of adobe-brick masonry and fired-brick chimneys, the stone founda- 

 tion of a bake oven, and a small cellar at the rear of the East Wing. 

 It was known that the exterior of the Hospital, like many if not all 

 of the buildings of the post, had been whitewashed, probably during 

 the period of military use, and traces of this whitewash were found 

 on some of the adobe brick. No evidence of weatherboarding or 

 siding was found. 



The common fired brick encountered at this site were the familiar 

 coarse red bricks manufactured in many places, and here employed 

 for chimney construction. A few of these bricks were marked, and 

 they appeared to be exclusively of St. Louis manufacture. There is 

 no reason to believe that any of these fired bricks were made here, 

 as were the adobe bricks. There is, on the other hand, documentation 

 concerning the shipment of brick with other building materials fur- 

 nished on contract. These bricks had been laid in lime mortar, the 

 lime also doubtless received under contract, and had been placed in 

 the masonry of chimneys in ordinary bond, so far as could be seen 

 in the few instances in which the masonry of the collapsed chimneys 

 was sufficiently intact to observe the probable arrangement of the 

 bricks. These chimneys were, of course, for use with stoves, and the 

 base of one large circular heating stove (apparently of a style suitable 

 for use with either wood or lignite) was found on the site of the West 

 Wing, though badly damaged by the intense heat to which it had been 

 subjected on the destruction of the building by fire. 



No information was obtained from excavation concerning the place- 

 ment, dimension, or type of flooring used in the building, but it was 

 known that the building had had necessary flooring, from charred 

 bits of wood of this kind found, as well as from the documentary 

 record. According to the inspection report of 1879, the flooring of 

 the barracks was of dressed pine laid upon rough flooring of cotton- 

 wood plank, and the same was doubtless true at the Hospital (Matti- 

 son, 1951, pp. 34,35). 



The root cellar, built about 1915 of earth and rubble obtained in 

 the immediate vicinity, had been so placed that it covered the whole 



