190 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bdll. 176 



grass in areas of lower elevation approaching that of the original 

 ground surface (as in the case of the area of the "body"). The vege- 

 tation was first removed from the part of the site to be excavated, and 

 excavation was begun by narrow trenching adjacent to masonry 

 footings. 



The masonry footings encountered at the site of the South Barracks 

 did not differ significantly from those previously seen at the site of 

 the Hospital. They had also been built of random-sized field stone, 

 frequently roughly faced or placed with a natural flat surface exposed, 

 in part in lime mortar, the spaces toward the center line of the masonry 

 having been filled with smaller rock and spalls (pi. 41, a). Little 

 care had been given, in building, to the appearance of the finished 

 masonry, probably because the footings were largely covered in use, 

 and at one point along the rear wall of the "body" of the building, 

 measurements apparently had gone awry (fig. 17; pi. 39 a). The 

 footing of the rear (south) wall of the "body" had not at first been 

 properly alined with its continuation to the west, the portion separa- 

 ting this front room area from the rear wing, and the former part had 

 been altered before the walls were erected by widening the footing 

 approximately 6 inches on the exterior (south), to make it conform 

 with the latter part (pi. 39, a). 



As was found to be the case at the site of the Hospital, the frame 

 and adobe-brick walls of the South Barracks had rested upon the stone 

 masonry footings, the walls being somewhat narrower than the width 

 of the footings. The walls of these barracks are said in the report of 

 1879 to have measured "about 14 inches" in thickness, and this was the 

 approximate size of portions measurable in place during excavation. 

 The walls had been so placed that their exterior surfaces were flush 

 with exterior surfaces of the footing, thus leaving approximately 

 6 inches of exposed masonry on the interior, upon whicli the floor 

 joists rested (pi. 40, <z, h) . 



In the South Barracks, particularly in the West Wing, portions of 

 the adobe-brick walls had been preserved in place throughout most of 

 their setting, but to a height of only one or two courses (pi. 41, a). 

 These parts of the adobe-brick walls of the building still in place were 

 ordinarily less affected by the fire that destroyed the building, and 

 were somewhat more difficult to see and trace than the collapsed por- 

 tions of walls. They had in some way been protected from the fire, 

 by falling debris or because they had been beneath the hottest part of 

 the flames. The upper parts of walls, found collapsed, would have 

 been subjected to greater heat and had probably been fired prior to the 

 time of collapse, rather than subsequently. 



At several points in the excavation here, fragments of charred wood 

 members were found beneath collapsed portions of wall. These were, 

 however, usually beyond measurement and afforded no information 



