196 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 176 



The floor of this cellar had also been made of common fired brick 

 (pis. 42, 43). In this instance, the bricks were laid flat, and length- 

 wise with the long axis of the cellar (i.e., north-south). So far as 

 could be determined, the masonry of the floor was not laid with lime 

 mortar, and it was probable that, as in other similar uses of common 

 brick, they were here simply laid level on a smooth sand base. 

 Although the brick had been laid lengthwise with the cellar, at one 

 point near the south wall one row of brick ran east and west, for no 

 apparent reason, and this may have been merely accidental or 

 capricious. 



Near the north-south midline of the cellar floor were three recesses, 

 each approxim,ately 10 inches square, which showed the original loca- 

 tion of supports for the ceiling of the cellar (and flooring at ground 

 level), as well as their dimensions (fig. 18; pi. 42, b). It is probable 

 that these posts were originally used in pairs, and that another row 

 was present in the unexcavated portion of the cellar. Similar to 

 these floor recesses near the midline were others near the walls, which 

 probably served likewise for floor supports (fig. 18; pi. 43, h). The 

 dimensions of these wall recesses (and hence of the timbers placed in 

 them) were approximately 2 inches by 12 inches. In both the midline 

 recesses and those along the walls, charred wood fragments and de- 

 cayed wood were present. Between the recesses along the east wall 

 of the cellar (the only portion of wall sufficiently well preserved to 

 show this detail), a lime whitewash had been applied to the brick- 

 work. Near the floor recesses in the middle of the cellar, one badly 

 charred timber, which was probably not larger than 2 inches by 4 

 inches in original dimensions (fig. 18; pi. 42, 5), lay on the floor. 

 Nothing could be learned of its original length, but it doubtless had 

 originally spanned the distance from wall to midline post — i.e., more 

 than 8 feet. 



The ceiling of this cellar (the flooring at ground level) was earth 

 filled, to serve as insulation for perishable foods kept in the cellar. 

 In the m,uch-disturbed fill that had accumulated in the former cellar, 

 traces were frequently seen of such earth levels, associated with charred 

 wood, but such was their contorted state that no detail could be 

 learned of this earth-packed ceiling. It was also known that in 1879 

 this building had a furnace, and among objects excavated, found lying 

 on or near the original brick floor, were parts of a sheet-steel furnace, 

 probably that which had been in this position at that time (pi. 49, a). 

 With this were such furnace tools as a scoop shovel and a furnace 

 shaker, much damaged by the fire. Lying on or near the floor in 

 various places beneath the fire debris were many large fire-broken 

 sherds of heavy earthenware ("stoneware") which had been in the 

 cellar at the time the building was destroyed and had been used for 

 food storage. 



