pip.^lx'fgT' INVESTIGATIONS AT FORT STEVENSON — SMITH 211 



newly invented. Some examples of both older and more recent indus- 

 trial processes are here represented. An example is the replacement of 

 the use of horn, bone, shell, and other natural raw materials by artifi- 

 cially hardened rubber for such objects as combs, brush handles, and 

 the like, following the development of this industry attending Good- 

 year's discovery and patents of 1851 and other dates. Materials such 

 as the present collection thus reveal something of the rapidly chang- 

 ing character of modern industrial manufacture, to which scant atten- 

 tion has sometimes been paid. 



In the following section the objects recovered are listed in the man- 

 ner of an annotated catalog. The class of object is given first and 

 within the class the individual objects are grouped by type. Specimen 

 catalog nmnbers are given in parentheses immediately following the 

 object referred to. If the object, or one specimen of the group of 

 objects, is illustrated a reference is made to the illustration, also in 

 parentheses. A total of 6,099 specimens of all categories were recov- 

 ered from the site and these have been cataloged under 2,134 catalog 

 numbers. The catalog numbers are less than the actual number of 

 specimens because of occasional "lotting" of several identical speci- 

 mens under a single catalog number (e.g., several fragments of win- 

 dow glass recovered from a single findspot are grouped under a single 

 catalog number) . 



MILITARY GOODS 

 Unifokm and insignia: 



Cap (No. 1823). Six fragments of black leather visors for small forage 

 caps, used in the U.S. Army prior to about 1898. 



Shoulder scales (Nos. 965, 966, 1245, 1246, 1283-1285, 1517, 1856) (illustrated 

 example pi. 50, w). Parts of the brass "shoulder scales" worn by en- 

 listed men prior to about 1872 for dress occasions (4 to 4*^ inches in width ; 

 3y2 to 4 inches in depth). The scale jointed, or overlapping. No com- 

 plete specimen was obtained. (U.S. Army Quartermaster's Dept., 1889, 

 pp. 47, 50.) 



Insignia (Nos. 632, 639, 1118, 1287, 1833). A brass hat ornament (No. 1833), 

 die stamped with the national emblem (spread eagle), similar in design 

 to that still used by commissioned officers. The specimen is badly broken 

 but bits of a greenish fabric and some coarse fiber (padding) still adhere 

 to it. This type was used for dress until about 1872. It was worn with 

 the stiff black felt hat, on the right side against the brim, which was 

 looped up. Both officers and men at this time also wore the insignia of 

 the branch of service (e.g., the infantry bugle) on the less formal forage 

 cap as well as on the front of the stiff black felt hat. 



A die-stamped brass numeral "1" (No. 632), probably a regimental 

 number (i^Ae inch in height). Companies of the 31st Infantry were at 

 Fort Stevenson in 1867, and of the 17th Infantry in 1870 and 1871 (Matti- 

 son, 1951, p. 24). A member of either of these regiments may have lost 

 this numeral. 



A die-stamped brass numeral "6" (No. 1287), probably a regimental 

 number (i/^ inch in height). Companies of the 6th Infantry were at the 

 post from 1872 to 1879 (Mattison, 1951 a, p. 24) . 



