CONTENTS PAGE 



Foreword 241 



Introduction 247 



The site described 248 



The historical background of Kipp's Post 250 



The Columbia Fur Company 250 



Archeological fieldwork 255 



Archeology of the site 256 



Structures 256 



The stockade trench 256 



The entrance . — 257 



The bastion 257 



The buildings 258 



Fireplaces 262 



Charcoal-filled pits and depressions 262 



Large trenches 263 



Small trenches 264 



Large pits 264 



Small pits 266 



Burial pit and burial 266 



Artifacts 267 



Defense 267 



Hunting and other subsistence activities 267 



Housing and construction materials 269 



Household goods, personal possessions, tools, and equipment 271 



Clothing and footwear 276 



Trade goods 278 



Objects of native manufacture 283 



Faunal remains 286 



Conclusions and discussion 286 



The site and structures 286 



Major architectural details 287 



White object materials 288 



Trade goods 290 



Artifact fits by features 291 



Objects of native manufacture 291 



Infant burial 291 



Comparison with other fur trade posts 292 



Literature cited 292 



Appendix 1. List of features at Site 32MN1 295 



Appendix 2. Glazed earthenware and glass from Kipp's Post, by C. Mal- 

 colm Watkins 299 



Appendix 3. Faunal remains 301 



Explanation of plates 303 



243 



