278 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 176 



other. This specimen is probably handwoven, but there is no way of 

 definitely establishing this. 



Shoes (3): 



(1) Outside length, 10l^ inches; width, Sy^ inches. Inside length, 8 inches; 

 width 2% inches. A laminated leather heel and the sole are fastened 

 with small wooden (oak?) pegs (No. 169). 



(1) Outside length, 10^4 inches; width, SYz inches. Inside length, 10 

 inches; width, 3^ inches. The laminated leather heel and the sole 

 are fastened with small (oak?) pegs. The toe is plain, and the 

 shoe laced through a single pair of eyelets (No. 170) (pi. 63, q). 



(1) A leather heel, composed of laminated leather; it has wooden (oak?) 

 pegs holding it together (No. 210). 



The two complete shoes found did not match each other and are 

 of considerably different styles. It is probable that they represent 

 men's and women's shoes. 



TRADE GOODS 



Beads (ca. 6,700). — Beads were present in a considerable variety 

 of sizes, forms, and colors at this site. IMost of them were found 

 within Feature 3, the log-cabin area of the post, though a few were 

 recovered from the pits. 



The measurements used were obtained with vernier calipers and 

 are generalized when dealing with a series of beads. Colors are given 

 as they appear to the writers, not through a comparison with a 

 standard color chart. Gradations in color are often imperceptible, 

 and many of the beads described herein are discolored because of 

 changes caused by chemical actions of the soil and by firing. Many 

 suggestions from studying these specimens were obtained by consult- 

 ing G. Hubert Smith's paper, entitled "Indian Trade Beads from Fort 

 Berthold, North Dakota" (1953, pp. 41-56) . 



A variety of classifications were available for dealing with the 

 beads, but the writers have grouped them into large beads and seed 

 beads. The large beads are those specimens that were used principally 

 in necklaces. These are present in translucent and opaque materials. 

 Forms are globular, spherical, cylindrical or canons, subcylindrical, 

 and faceted. Colors are blue, white, colorless (clear glass), amber, 

 green, and black. 



The seed beads are oblate spheroids or subcylindrical in form. 

 These are present in white, blue, black, and green colors. The blue 

 and white beads are by far the most common and have gradations 

 in size. 



All of the beads discussed with the exception of the faceted and 

 canon beads are of the wire- wound variety, as they were made by 

 twisting molten glass or glass frit around a spindle. Examples of 

 all types of beads are illustrated. 



