PAP.N^afof' ARCHEOLOGY AT KIPP'S POST — WOOLWORTH, WOOD 283 



One specimen is short and obviously incomplete. It is probably 

 from a short, squat pipe on the order of the rectangular bowled clay 

 pipes (No. 85). The shale pipe fragments with roughly square 

 bows range in width from % to 1 inch and li/4 to 314 inches m length 

 (Nos. 84, 88, S.I. 38, 156, 198, 221, 222, 223, and 244) (pi. 64, a). 



Portions of five shale pipes with round bowls are present. Only 

 one of these is large enough to give much of an idea of their forms. 

 It has a tapering bowl, and could have had a prow. It is I14 inches 

 in diameter and 2i/^ inches in height (pi. 64, c) (No. 87). (Nos. S.I. 

 39,90,157,268). 



Another pipe has a bowl shaped like that of the TD clay pipes 

 (No. 194). A different fragment bears a small spur; it possibly was 

 associated with the TD bowl (S.I. 25). 



A single octagonal bowl of gray shale tapers near the base. Diame- 

 ter is 114 inches ; height, 3% inches. Two grooves encircle the bowl 

 below the orifice (S.I. 22). 



A tapered prow with a rounded end was recovered but cannot be 

 definitely associated with any of the bowls (No. 145). 



A few general statements can be made about the manufacture of 

 these pipes. The work was obviously done with metal tools such as 

 drills and files. The pipe blanks were apparently blocked out with 

 saws and files. Holes were then drilled in them with cylindrical 

 metal drills. If all went w^ell up to this point, these holes were en- 

 larged with a tapered drill. Only one definite stem portion was 

 found ; the hole in it was not tapered. 



Thirteen of the bowl fragments bore cylindrical holes. These 

 pipes apparently were discarded before they had been formed to the 

 point that tapered reamers were used on them. Three drill sizes 

 were fomid to have been used on them. These were one of 1^ inch, 

 six of 1^ inch, and six of %6 inch. 



In most of these specimens, the tapered drill was used to enlarge the 

 original holes in the bowls to a depth of I/2 to I14 inches. 



Only two of the pipe bowls showed any signs of usage; all of the 

 others were apparently broken while being made. 



Approximately 20 pipes are represented by these fragments. Local 

 materials were largely used in the manufacture of these pipes. Out 

 of a total of 26 fragments, only 5 were of catlinite, which most prob- 

 ably were brought in by personnel at the post. The remaining frag- 

 ments were of local red and gray shales. 



OBJECTS OF NATIVE MANUFACTUKE 



Arrowpoints (2). — Neither of these points is complete enough so 

 that its form may be determined. A midsection of one point is of 

 Knife Kiver flint (No. 81). A gray chert specimen with the base 



