ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT 21 



Kalapuya ethnology. A glance at this material reveals 

 some interesting facts: The Kalapuya Indians in former 

 times vi^ere the most povi^erful and numerous family of 

 Oregon. They claimed the whole of the fertile valley of the 

 Willamette, extending from the Coast Range to the Cascade 

 Mountains, their settlements reaching as far north as the 

 present Portland and as far south as the middle course of 

 Umpqua River, an area of approximately 12,000 square 

 miles. These Indians were placed on the Grande Ronde 

 Reservation in 1857, at the close of the Rogue River war. 

 Previous tribal wars and frequent epidemics of smallpox 

 and other infectious diseases have reduced the Kalapuya 

 tribes to such an extent that Dr. Frachtenberg has found 

 but a mere handful of survivors; hence the time is not far 

 off when the stock will become extinct. 



The Kalapuya family embraces a large number of tribes, 

 the most important of which are: (1) Atfalati (or Wapato 

 Lake), living formerly on the banks of the Tualatin River; 

 (2) Yamhill, claiming the banks of the river of the same 

 name; (3) Lakmayuk, who obtained their name from the 

 river Luckiamute; (4) Marys River (Calapooia proper), 

 whose settlements were situated along the banks of the 

 Calapooia and Marys Rivers ; (5) Yonkalla, the most south- 

 erly Kalapuya tribe; (6) Ahantsayuk, also called Pudding 

 River Indians; and (7) Santiam, who formerly lived on 

 the banks of Santiam River. These tribes speak varieties 

 of the Kalapuya language, which show remarkable lexi- 

 cographic diversities. Morphological differentiations exist 

 also, but are chiefly of a phonetic nature. All differences 

 between the dialects seem to have been caused by a geo- 

 graphic distribution, resulting in the three subdivisions men- 

 tioned in the last annual report. Long and continued con- 

 tact of the Kalapuya Indians with white settlers has resulted 

 in a complete breaking down of the native culture and mode 

 of living; consequently the ethnologic data obtainable were 

 veiy meager and in most cases were given as information 

 obtained through hearsay. 



In the early part of January Dr. Frachtenberg made a 

 short trip to the Siletz Agency for the purpose of settling a 



