10 ■ BUEEAU OF AMEKICAN ETHNOLOGY. 



The excavation and repair for preservation of archeologic 

 remains, by no means a new activity of bureau'Work, is in 

 the same condition. Both anthropology and popular ap- 

 proval call for the advancement and diffusion of knowledge 

 by the bureau along this line. 



In addition to their duties in " continuing ethnological 

 researches" among the American Indians, the members of 

 the staff have devoted much time to matters germane to 

 their work, .\nswers to many letters received by the bureau 

 can not be written offhand but demand investigation and 

 often considerable consultation of authorities in the library. 

 Their requests are not confined to Indian ethnology but 

 include a wide variety of questions on race mixture in the 

 United States, Old World anthropology, and the like. 

 Although the staff is made up of experts in the study of the 

 American Indians and the appropriation is limited to the 

 study of our aborigines, the chief has not shnmk from the 

 necessity of contributing what information he could on these 

 related subjects, recognizing the need in the near future of a 

 Bureau of Ethnology. 



The "ethnological researches" of individual members of 

 the staff the past year are outlined in the following pages. 



At the close of the last fiscal year Mr. F. W. Hodge had 

 begun excavations at Hawikuh, one of the "Seven Cities of 

 Cibola," situated near the present pueblo of Zuni, N. Mex. 

 This work was continued in the summer months and yielded 

 a large and varied collection of artifacts, which are now in 

 the Museum of the American Indian (Heye Foundation). 



The excavations were confined to the great refuse heaps 

 that cover the western side of the elevation on which the 

 ruins are situated, the maximum height of the hillock being 

 60 feet above the eastern valley. It was believed that this 

 refuse would be found to follow the configuration of a gradual 

 slope, but this proved not to be the case, for the farther the 

 excavation was carried toward the ruined walls on the 

 summit the deeper the refuse was found to be, and continu- 

 ous work for nearly three months in this direction failed to 

 reach a natural slope or escarpment. 



