ADMINISTRATIVE EEPOBT. 11 



The removal of the refuse, which had reached a depth of 15 

 feet when the work was suspended for the season, brought to 

 light many features of interest, for, as was expected from the 

 character of the surface soil, this great deposit of debris, con- 

 sisting largely of ash and other refuse from the dwellings, 

 interspersed with quantities of broken pottery and other 

 artifacts, strata of drift sand, building refuse, etc., formed 

 one of the cemeteries of the pueblo, or, one might say, the 

 western area of a single great cemetery that surrounded the 

 pueblo which, with its appurtenances, covers an area of 

 approximately 756 l)y 850 feet, or nearly 15 acres. Elxcava- 

 tion of perhaps a fifth of the cemetery area resulted in uncov- 

 ering 237 graves. 



Excavation had not proceeded very far before remains of 

 walls of dwellings much older than those of historic Hawikuh 

 were encountered on the floor of the original surface, 15 feet 

 Ijelow the maximum deposit of refuse ; yet, as the work pro- 

 gressed, it was found that these walls had been luiilt over 

 and across the walls of other and more ancient houses that 

 had been erected, occupied, abandoned, and filled in to afford 

 space for the construction of the dwellings which in turn 

 preceded Hawikuh probably by many generations. The 

 masonry of these earlier structures, on the whole, was much 

 cruder than that of Hawikuh proper; but if allowance be 

 made for disturbance caused by the burial of the dead 

 through several generations, which included more or less 

 comparatively recent pottery in the lower levels, the earth- 

 enware of the earliest inhabitants of the site is of finer quality 

 and of finer decoration than that manufactured by the his- 

 toric Hawikuh people not long before the abandonment of 

 their settlement. 



Although the study of the archeology of Hawikuh has 

 been barely commenced, the results of last season's work 

 give promise of a material addition to our knowledge of an 

 important phase of Pueblo culture and it is hoped will ulti- 

 mately open the way to the solution of related problems in 

 southwestern archeology. 



