ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT, 3 
yons in southwestern Colorado, extending his studies west- 
ward into southeastern Utah as far as Montezuma Canyon. 
The object was to determine the western horizon of the 
area of the pure type of pueblos and cliff dwellings, and to 
investigate the remains of antecedent peoples from which it 
sprung in order to obtain data bearing on the question of 
the origin of the San Juan drainage culture. The country 
traveled through is especially rich in prehistoric towers and 
castellated buildings, but contains also many clusters of 
mounds formed by fallen walls of large communal buildings, 
many of which were wholly or partially unknown to science. 
The work was largely a reconnoissance and no extensive 
excavations or repair work was attempted. Special atten- 
tion was paid to the structure and probable use of towers 
which are combined with cliff houses like Cliff Palace, or 
great villages like those of the Mummy Lake and upper San 
Juan and its tributaries. Among the most significant new 
towers discovered were two found in McLean Basin, near 
the old Bluff City trail not far from the State line of Utah 
and Colorado. The McLean Basin ruin has a rectangular 
shape, with a round tower on one corner and one of semi- 
circular form on the diagonally opposite angle, each 15 feet 
high. The building on which these towers stand must have 
presented a very exceptional appearance in prehistoric 
times before its walls had fallen. Another ruin found in a 
cave in Sand Canyon is instructive on account of its being 
the only one yet found with a single kiva of the unit type. 
It was probably a ceremonial cave, the room showing scanty 
evidence of having been inhabited. 
One of the discoveries made was the recognition that the 
buildings on McElmo Bluff had a crude masonry character- 
ized by stones set on edge, the walls being made of adobe and 
logs. The stones of one or more rooms on this site were large, 
indicating megalithic stone houses. All the data assembled 
indicate that they antedated the fine horizontal masonry of 
the pueblos and cliff dwellings. 
While in the field the chief carried on a correspondence 
with Mr. Van Kleeck, of Denver, owner of the Aztec Spring 
Ruin, which led to that ruin being presented to the National 
