28 PREFACE. 
The works ef Lacombe, Cuoq, and Baraga on Cree, Algonkin, and 
Chippewa, respectively, have more than once been of great service 
in both translation and vocabulary, as have the translations of 
Doctor Jones. 
The punctuation of the Indian text and the English translation 
has been made to correspond as closely as possible. The only 
essential point to note is that it has not always been feasible to make 
the commas correspond. 
The paragraphing (which is the same in both) has largely been 
done with a view to the English idiom. However, it has been pos- 
sible often to take advantage of the well-known feature of Algonquian 
languages that identity and difference in third persons are carefully 
distinguished by grammatical devices. Thus the lack of an obviative 
in the first sentence of paragraphs 3, 13, and 16 of the principal text 
shows that from the Indian point of view new paragraphs begin. 
Similarly, with regard to paragraph 12 of the same text. However, 
there is at times a conflict of the point of view: from the native point 
of view, as shown by the grammatical construction, the second para- 
eraph should begin with the second sentence; whereas English idio- 
matic usage demands that the paragraph begin with the first sentence. 
The texts, as stated above, were written by Alfred Kiyana. They 
were subsequently dictated twice by Harry Lincoln, and thus pho- 
netically restored by me.’ The second dictation was in order to 
detect spelling-pronunciations. As Fox Indians almost never read 
aloud letters, ete., written in the current syllabary, when they 
attempt to do so, at first they are not very successful, and pronounce 
the syllables with conventionalized sounds, e, g., la, le, li, lo as pa, 
pe, pi, po, respectively, whether or not these sounds are proper in 
any given case. In this way I think the texts presented here are 
practically free from such blemishes. A few visual errors which 
were patently such were subsequently corrected by me. In this 
connection it should be mentioned that owing to the deficient pho- 
netic character of the syllabary, texts written in the syllabary may 
contain homographs, that is, words spelled alike but pronounced 
differently. An example is ma ne to wa which can stand equally 
well for manetow™*' “‘manitou”’ or manii‘tow™' “he, she has man 
(inanimate).”’ Happily, homographs are not frequent. A second 
dictation will not invariably remove blemishes arising in this manner. 
For example, e ne se tti was twice pronounced ii‘ne'se“tc'' “then he 
was slain’? when i‘ni'si‘tc’* “then he was healed”? was plainly 
demanded. The error was discovered by me while working out the 
grammatical analysis of the sentence, and I found Horace Poweshiek 
had taken the word in the sense required. The context and gram- 
® But all the songs are as dictated by Alfred Kiyana. Several of the phonograph records were broken 
in transit and others were indistinct; hence no musical records are given. 
