288 ORIGIN OF THE WHITE BUFFALO DANCE. (ETH. ANN. 40, 
‘ita ‘clwawAne'cka anetaga’niwiwa “‘the thought of him being wicked 
would remain there’; 236.18, is to be analyzed in full: wi—wa, 
§ 28; a‘ckwi- (Jones’s Askwi-) ‘‘remain’’; ta‘ci-, § 16; wawane'cka'1- 
“wicked, worthless” [ina, § 47; ‘wiina‘i, particle]. 
§ 41. An anomalous formation. At 224.25 we have an anomalous 
indefinite passive in wa’‘te a’kawApamiiweni’wiwa‘tci “why they 
were watched.” *® Observe at 224.29 we have the normal wi’‘te 
A‘kawa’/pamette('') “why they were watched.” [The only point to 
note in this case is that -e%te* is singular as well as plural, contrary to 
the sketch.] 
§ 41. -i- after -gd-. A single example of this is nepemiwiipi- 
‘kanegd/‘ipen™’ “we (exel.) were straightway abandoned,” 150.43. It 
would seem that this -i- is the same as discussed above (-Am06'1-, § 34e). 
§ 42. The locative case is sometimes used in the sense mentioned 
by Cuoq, Grammaire, § 23e. An example in Jones’s Fox Texts is 
(in my transcription) ‘ickwa'si‘eg*" “as a girl,” 68.13 (Jones’s trans- 
lation is a trifle free). One in these texts is nenigi’-megu “as a man” 
(idiomatically “men” in English), 230.8. For the phonetics of the 
locative singular and vocative plural, see the remarks under § 13. 
§ 44. At 86.5 nin™* and in™* combine into ninani. 
§ 45. It should be noted that obviative forms of the possessive 
pronouns occur, as also locatives. An example of the latter is 
kemaiyawinwagi ‘‘on your (pl.) right arm.”” Observe that terminal 
-4 of ke—wawa does not occur in the locative (as in nouns), and that 
the preceding w is elided before the locative suffix (as in nouns). 
The vocative singular of a possessed animate noun of the first person 
plural, exclusive and inclusive, has an anomalous formation. 
§ 47. At 134.28 we have the inanimate plural of a novel demon- 
strative pronoun, mi‘iyine. The animate singular and_ plural, 
respectively, are ma‘i/yA, ma‘ivi’ga; the manimate ma'l’ye, ma iyéne; 
the obviative singular and plural are ma‘lyine, ma‘iyd’a, respec- 
tively. This pronoun is used with the idea of invisibility, and 
immediate past time. So mi‘iyiiga means “those that have just 
left and are completely out of sight.’””. The pronoun iniyé’ga would 
refer to more remote time. 
We now come to topics where references to the paragraphs of the 
sketch are not feasible. 
Verbalization of adverbs and participles. Examples are: inina‘iwi- 
ni’gip(i) ‘at this given date,” 122.25 (inina‘i) ; ki'ci'a’cka“te1'l’winig(i) 
“after a long time,’ 196.39 (a‘cka’¢te!'); kia cowipwa’megu’ ‘you 
must cross over,” 196.26 (&'co’wY*); niga’niw””’ “he is the leading 
one,” 190.40 (niga’/n™"); kiki“ kime'k* “if he nevertheless speaks 
to you,’ 146.40 (kikik"); kikicaguttcitopwa’megu kiyawaw(i) 
6 On further study it appears that an indefinite passive in -iiweniwi-is of frequent occurrence. See for 
example 64.41, 222.20. Ordinary intransitive verbal pronouns go with it. 
