MICHELSON. ] LINGUISTIC NOTES. 289 
“vou will bring an awful fate on yourselves,” 196.31 (kicaigu‘tc’’). 
It is none the less clear that from the point of view of Fox grammar, 
the bulk of these so-called adverbs and particles should be considered 
as verbal stems, for which reason they are included in the list, p. 616 
et seq. 
-wi-. I have spoken of a morphological element -w:- in the Inter- 
national Journal of American Linguistics, 1, 53. The following 
examples wherein -wi- (whether or not the same -wi-) serves to con- 
nect reciprocals are novel: & pwawimi ketiwapa’tiwa‘te’ “they did 
not look at each other in a courting way,” 248.3; miketiwApa’tiwate 
“Gf they should look at each other in a courting way,” 258.42; mi’- 
‘ketiwl' apaniinetit(*) ‘if he should laugh at her in a courting way,”’ 
248.31, 32. The English translations do not bring out the double 
reciprocals (-ti- § 38) owing to different idiomatic usage. 
-i-tocombine nouns. A few examples are manetowii citi/agani 
“the manitou’s thought(s),” 230.38, 39; ugimawi'u'ckina’wa' ‘‘chief’s 
son” [literally ‘‘chief-youth’’], 178.3;  nendtiwi'a‘si’mawan(i) 
“Tndian tobacco,” 268.31. Observe that the terminal -*" of the 
prior members of the compounds are not used. 
Ugimiwi- at the beginning of a verbal compound. A wholly novel 
type of verbal compound, namely, & ugimawine'tawii’miga‘ki “as it 
has slain a chief,’ is found at 178.24. The analysis is “a—ki, § 29; 
ugimawi from ugimaw”* “‘chief,’’ as above; for the relationship of 
ne'taw- to ne‘td- (compare ne'tow™ [in my transcription], Jones’s Fox 
Texts, 66.8) ; ne- stem ‘“‘kill;”’ -iimiga-, related to -imigat-, § 20: com- 
pare also under the passive -g6- followed by a copula. Apparently 
mianetowatage si i’ni‘tci‘(i) ‘“‘those of mysterious power,” 154.37, is 
something of the same order. It is not quite clear how wi'me'to’- 
sineniwapa’mawa‘tec" “they will see him as a mortal,’’ 210.33, is to be 
judged: it is possible that the medial portion is for -wiw4-, and accord- 
ingly to be taken as above (me'tosiineniw’*’). On the other hand, 
it may be of the novel type shown in &‘manet6’‘ka‘su"te™ “he con- 
jured for a miracle’’ [cf. Jones’s Fox Texts, 62.15], literally ‘‘he 
pretended to be a manitou,”’ ugima‘ka‘so’wY* ‘‘he pretends to be 
chief,” in which terminal -w’** of the uncompounded nouns dis- 
appear. Cree and Ojibwa and probably other Algonquian languages 
also have this formation. 
