Mr. Holberton on the Anatomy of Testudo tabulata. 327 



far as about the fifth vertebra where it divided into the bronchi, the right 

 crossing the neck transversely, the left entering the lung of its own side. 



The heart surrounded by the pericardium, and inclined to the right 

 side of the projecting part of the neck, consisted as described by Blu- 

 menbach of two auricles separated from each other by a septum, and of 

 a right and left ventricle communicating with each other. 



The inferior cava receiving the blood from the liver and other abdomi- 

 nal viscera terminated in the right auricle. There was no superior cava ; 

 but tAvo veins, (analogous to the right and left subclavian in the human 

 subject), situated between the tendinous diaphragm and pericardiumy 

 terminated at the base of the right auricle, in the opening common to 

 them and the inferior cava. By a common opening, the left auricle 

 received the blood from a right and left pulmonary vein. From the 

 right ventricle three trunks arose, which were so united at their roots as 

 to give an appearance of an appendix, but a careful dissection displayed 

 each trunk arising separately from the substance of the ventricle. Each 

 of these arteries, at its origin, was supplied with two semilunar valves, — 

 folds of the inner membrane. 



The first of the three arteries was the pulmonary dividing into two 

 branches. 



The second crossed to and ran down the left side of the neck to the 

 second dorsal vertebra, where it was joined by a branch from the primi- 

 tive artery next to be mentioned. By this union the abdominal aorta was 

 completed. It passed down to the lumbar vertebrcs, inclined slightly to 

 the left of the spine, and here divided into two iliac arteries. 



The third, a large short trunk soon divided into two branches, one 

 running down the right side of the neck to complete the formation of the 

 abdominal aorta, the other passing upwards a short distance subdivided 

 into two, each of which sent a branch to the head and the anterior 

 extremity of its side. 



The dorsal vertebrae, seven, and lumbar or sacral, four in number, 

 were anchylosed with each other and to the dorsal shell. The caudal 

 were eleven, and moveable. There was free motion between the first 

 caudal and last lumbar or sacral vertebra, on which the pelvis moved 

 freely, the ilium receiving the two posterior articulating processes. 



The claincle and scapula constituted one bone, and the former was 



