His administration in Java. 39 



Horsfield's Zoological Researches in Java, a very brief notice of 

 them only is requisite at present. Java alTords about fifty or 

 sixty species of maramiferous animals, among which are a fine 

 breed of small Horses, an equally valuable race of Bufl'aloes, and 

 a Wild Ox, apparently a variety peculiar to Java; but not the 

 Elephant, which is a remarkable fact, since that animal abounds 

 in Sumatra. There are also several species of Felis, including 

 the Tiger; the Jackal, and some species of Wild-Dog; the 

 Rhinoceros ; and naany small quadrupeds, comprising some inte- 

 resting genera which appear to be peculiar to the island. The 

 number of Birds in Java, amounts to between three and four hun- 

 dred species ; and the Amphibia include the Cayman, a number 

 of large Lacertcc and Iguance, several species of Turtle, some 

 curious Batracliian reptiles, and numerous serpents ; whilst the 

 adjacent seas, the rivers, and the lakes, afford many species of 

 esculent fish ; and the extensive bays on the southern coast abound 

 in the most beautiful tropical forms of MoUusca and Corals. 

 Honey and wax are produced by three species of Bees, inhabiting 

 the largest forests, though at present collected in very inconsider- 

 able quantities ; and the Insects of Java, in general, are propor- 

 tionate in number and variety to its vegetable productions. 



As neither the limits nor the chief object of the present memoir, 

 Avill admit of a minute examination or detail of all the measures 

 of Mr. Raffles's administration on this island, we shall notice only 

 some of its more prominent features. It will be apparent from 

 these alone, that no representative of the British nation in its 

 distant possessions, ever displayed greater energy of character, 

 or a larger share of benevolence, in performing the duties of so 

 elevated a station. It will also be evident that none have better 

 deserved the popularity, the discriminative and considerate praise 

 of the most intelligent portion of the community, which was the 

 reward of his public life. 



The commencement of Mr. Raffles's official career as Lieutenant- 

 Governor of Java, was disturbed by unavoidable hostilities with 

 the treacherous chief of Palembang, the most powerful native 

 state in Sumatra, and with the Sultan of Djocjocarta, one of the 

 principal native authorities in Java itself. These powers were 



