548 Mr. Yanell on the Osteology 



•what outwards; the space between them occupied by a substance 

 resembling in appearance adipose matter, from which issued a 

 fluid like oil. From the anterior part of the base of these two 

 rounded processes, a narrow ridge of bone extends forwards on 

 each side converging towards the nose. The nasal bones elon- 

 gated, the orifice opening downwards. No incisor nor canine 

 teeth in either jaw ; molars |., cylindrical, separate, encircled with 

 enamel, but none on the crowns ; the first tooth on each side in 

 the lower jaw, having no opponent, is the longest, the remaining 

 eeven opposed to the first seven of the upper jaw, and taking an- 

 gular impressions on their surfaces by contact ; the direction and 

 depth of the alveolar cavities of the upper jaw distinctly marked 

 on the outside by parallel ridges ; in the lower jaw the alveolar 

 cavities are pierced the whole depth. The anterior portion of 

 the lower jaw is elongated ; the inferior edge concave the first 

 half of its length, then convex ; the plate broad, rising at right 

 angles with the line of the teeth; the condyloid process longer 

 than the coronoid, the condyle itself elongated transversely. 

 The external meatus auditorius is extended in the form of a 

 semicircular cylindrical tube of bone, curving round the base of 

 the zygoma, and passing forwards terminates in an aperture im- 

 mediately behind the eye. The orbits and temporal fossae 

 united ; the zygomatic arch is slender posteriorly, but becomes 

 much stronger towards the front, expanding downwards, and 

 furnished with an acute descending process. The occipital 

 foramen is of great size. 



The cervical vertebrae seven, the first large, the articulating 

 surfaces broad ; the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, very firmly ossified to- 

 gether, pierced with foramina for the passage of the cervical 

 vessels ; the 5th united to the 4th on the under surface only ; the 

 6th and 7th slender and separate, allowing the head great free- 

 dom of motion upwards : the whole of the last six grooved on the 

 under surface, in the line of the passage of the oesophagus. Dorsal 

 vertebrae eleven, the spinous process of the first slender, three- 

 eighths of an inch long, the others diminish gradually in length, 

 but increase in size ; all directed backwards. The first rib is 

 very broad, and from the 2nd to the 8th, the ribs of the Chlamji- 



