BADiN] WINNEBAGO ARCHEOLOGY 101 



higher than the adjoining linear part. The surface examination made at the time 

 of this survey gave the opinion that the conical mounds had been built upon the 

 linear parts possibly at a later period. 



LINEAR MOUNDS 



The pure linear type. — ^This type is shovm in . . . [fig. 8]. The mounds thus 

 classed are straight and uniform in height and 'nddth. Some are so short as to almost 

 approach the oval form. 



The straight pointed linear type. — This form is shown in . . . [fig. 8] and is 

 usually of great length, 'widest at one end and tapering to a point at the other . . . 

 Twelve of this type are found. The longest measures 675 and the shortest 120 feet. 



The angular linear type. — In group 9, No. 3 . . . [fig. 8] there is this peculiar 

 type which is so abundant along the Wisconsin River in Sauk County. 



The club-shaped linear type. — This form is shown in . . . [fig. 8] and is a slight 

 variation of the pure linear tj'pe. There are three of this class. 



The curved linear type. — This is a linear form having a slight kidney or crescent 

 shape. There are but two mounds of this tj-pe at Lake Koshkonong. 



In the Altpeter Group are three linear-like mounds tliat might be classed as effigies. 

 No. 1 [fig. 8] is much like the "mink" tj'pe. No. 3 bears some resemblance to the 

 same tj-pe, and No. 2 to the " tadpole " type. In the latter, however, the head end is 

 but Httle higher than the adjoining linear part and bulges slightly more on one side. 



EFFIGIES 



The forms and sizes of tlie various efiigies can be best understood by a study of the 

 [various illustrations] . . . Not including the three mounds just mentioned or any 

 of the "tadpole" tj-pe, there are 42 mounds that are plainly effigies. Three of these 

 are nearly destroyed; the others are well preserved. 



BIRD EFFIGIES 



. . . All of these lie on the east side of the lake in two closely associated groups. 

 There are six such effigies in the General Atkinson Group and four in the Hoard 

 Group. 



But two have the wings at right angles to the body and both of these are low and 

 flattened with heavy broad bodies in marked contrast to splendid mounds of this 

 class in other parts of the State. 



Of the class having the wings extremely drooped . . . there are five. Nos. 28 

 and 29 in the Hoard Group ha^'e a conical-like breast, while those of the General 

 Atkinson Group have the surface of the body nearly \e\e\. Tlie two small bird effi- 

 gies close to the Lake View Hotel . . . have a conical breast and wings half drooping. 



MAMMAL EFFIGIES 



All of the mounds shown in . . . [fig. 15] represent the animal as lying on one side 

 with tlie fore Umbs and tlie hind limbs united. It %(ill be seen that there are several 

 splendid examples of the " panther" type. 



Nos. 4 and 31 are of similar form, but represent the animal with the tail raised. 

 These two are on opposite sides of the lake and are the only effigies of this precise 

 character. 



Of the "mink" tj-pe there is an example in the Le SelUer Group. 



Mound No. 1 of the Draves Group and the etligy in the Taylor House Group are 

 the only ones of their class existing at the lake. 



Of all the forms and tj-pes to be found in this region the mound shown in . . . 

 [fig. 17] is perhaps the most . . . complicated, and it will be interesting to learn 

 if there exists elsewhere in the State a mound of similar form. 



TURTLE AND ALLIED FORMS 



There are seven short . . . and two . . . long-tailed " turtle " effigies in this region. 

 . Mound No. 60 of the Atkinson Group differs from tlie "turtle" effigy in profile as 

 well as in outline. The head is considerably higher than the part midway between 



