RADiN] SOCIAL ORGANIZATION GENERAL DISCUSSION 199 



shown by the very word for clan (hohik'aradjera). This concept of 

 blood relationship was extended to the mother's clan generation. 

 As we have pointed out, there is no reason for assuming that blood 

 relationship is the primary explanation. The number of explanations 

 for exogamy existing between one clan and another, and between 

 the clans of one side as opposed to those of another, indicate clearly 

 how readily interpretations of this phenomenon change. The Bear 

 does not marry into the Wolf clan because they are friends (hitcak'oro), 

 and does not marry into the Buffalo clan because it belongs to the 

 same side, or no reason at all is assigned. Before the question of the 

 clan tie can be thoroughly imderstood, the kind of blood relationship 

 that is here meant must be more carefully defined. This is not a very 

 general but a very definite notion, and may be said to extend not 

 beyond four generations, in fact not beyond the direct knowledge 

 of some living individual. This will be brought out more clearly 

 by the following tables, based on actual genealogies : 



(F) Thunderbird— Bear (M) 1. or: 



(F) Bear— Eagle (M) 2. (F) Thunderbird— Bear (M) 1. 



(F) Eagle— Wolf (M) 3. (M) Bear— Eagle (F) 2. 



(F) Wolf— Thunderbird (M) 4. (M) Bear— Thunderbh-d (F) 3. 



(M) Thunderbird— Bear (F) 5. 



All these marriages are permitted. In the first case a man marries 

 into his maternal grandmother's maternal grandfather's clan; and 

 in the second, a man marries into his paternal grandmother's clan. 

 We will consequently have to consider blood relationship as extending 

 only to four, sometimes three, generations, and have to regard the 

 statement of blood relationship as the tie binding the members of 

 the clan together as pm-ely fictitious and secondary. That, neverthe- 

 less, this fictitious tie called forth the same feeling as that of real 

 relationship, there is abundant evidence to show, and that it was of 

 considerable unportance in the development of the Winnebago clan- 

 unit is borne out by the fact that the clan was called "those-who-are- 

 relatives-to-one-another. ' ' 



CLAN FrXCTIONS 



The association of political fimctions with definite social imits is a 

 common phenomenon in most cultures where a tendency toward 

 socialization exists. It is strictly comparable to the association of 

 ceremonial and religious functions with ceremonial units. In this 

 connection, the difference between an association with a group unit 

 and an association with an individual is of fundamental importance. 

 Is the former, for instance, merely an extension of the latter^ This 

 only individual history can demonstrate. Such a genetic relationship 

 between the two depends probably as much upon the nature of the 



