366 THE WINNEBAGO TRIBE [eth. ann. 37 



(1) Entrance ritual: The band enters the tent, makes one com- 

 plete circuit, and stops. The leader now delivers a short speech, 

 followed by a song. The band then contmues to the west end, where 

 another speech is delivered and another song' smig. After this the 

 band contmues agam, and stops at the east end, where the leader talks 

 and sings. Now all sit down. After a short pause the leader again 

 rises and walking over to the ancestor host, talks to him, gives 

 him some tobacco, and returns to his seat. Each band entering re- 

 peats the same ritual. This applies, however, only to Part IV (a) 

 and (6). 



(2) Exit ritual (Part IV (a) and (b)): The east leader rises and 

 speaks, followed by north, west, and south. Each one then speaks 

 agam and, all singing, all walk toward the entrance m such a way 

 that the south, north, and west bands make complete circuits of the 

 lodge, thus enabling the east band to precede them. Near the 

 entrance all stop smging and say "wa-hi-hi-hi" four times and pass 

 out. . This exit ceremony differs slightly in the two divisions of IV. 



(3) Fire ritual. Part III: The ancestor host rises and goes to the 

 leaders of the four other bands uidividually ; and after he has blessed 

 them they respond; then all rise, make four cncuits of the lodge, 

 and sit down again. The leader of the east band now rises, holdmg 

 in his hand the invitation sticks and some tobacco, delivers a 

 speech, then goes to the fireplace and kindles the new fire. 



(8) Smokmg ritual: The leader of the east band pours tobacco 

 into the fire, first at the east, and then at the north, west, and 

 south comers. He then lights his pipe, puffs first toward the east, 

 then toward the north, west, and south, after wliich he passes his 

 pipe to the leader of the north band, who takes a few whiffs and in 

 tiun passes it aroimd to the next member of the lodge. When the 

 pipe has made the complete circuit it is placed in front of the fire- 

 place. In the meantime the ancestor host has returned to his seat, 

 and after a short pause, rises, speaks, and sings again. This smoking 

 ceremony occm-s after each entrance ceremony, IV (a) and (b), and 

 before both feasts of IV (a) and (b). 



Presentation-of-Jood ritual (Part IV, a and b). — The leader of the 

 east band rises and brmgs meat, berries, wild potatoes, etc., to the 

 ancestor host, delivering a mmor speech at the same time. Each 

 of the other leaders repeats the same ceremony. When all have 

 finished, the ancestor host rises and thanks them. 



(5) General shooting ritual (Part IV, a and b): The leaders of the 

 east, north, west, and south bands, holding their otter skins in their 

 hands, rise and, accompanied by tlu'ee men, make a complete circuit 

 of the lodge. They first speak in undertones to these tlixee men, 

 giving them directions. At each end the leader of the east band 

 speaks, and then, singing, walks toward the west end, saying "yoJio — 



