428 THE WINNEBAGO TRIBE [eth. ann. 37 



themselves; and, lastly, the order in which the guests are invited 

 (pis. 56, 57, 58). 



It follows from the above remarks that in order to get a really 

 complete account of the entire ceremony information should be 

 obtained from each clan. The account given by any one clan will 

 only contain the origin myth and the songs belonging to the war 

 bundle of that clan, for although it is part of the ceremony to relate 

 the origin myths of the various war bundles and sing the specific 

 songs connected with them, no individual would take it upon himself 

 to tell any but those relating to the war bundle of his own clan. 

 Thus it will be seen that any single account is defective in some 

 rather important particulars. 



ANALYTICAL PRESENTATION OF THE CEREMONY 



The ceremony falls into three well-defined parts: I, the Sweat 

 Lodge; II, the First Division, generally known either as the Feast 

 in honor of Earthmaker or the Feast in honor of the Thunderbirds ; 

 and III, the Second Division, known as the Feast in honor of the 

 Night Spirits. 



There is little to be said about the Sweat Lodge, for it consists 

 exclusively of offerings of tobacco and prayers to the spirits, on the 

 part of the one giving the ceremony, whom we will call the host. 



The first division can be divided into the following component 

 elements: (1) The preparation of the buckskins; (2) the dog sacrifice; 

 (3) the filling of the ceremonial pipe and the smoking ritual; (4) the 

 tobacco offering to the spirits; (5) the buckskin offerings to the 

 spirits; (6) the feast; (7) the fast-eating contest; and (8) the basic 

 ritual. 



The second division can be divided into the following component 

 elements: (4) The tobacco offering to the spirits; (9) the throwing 

 out of the buckskins; (6) the feast; (10) the episode of the "Night- 

 crazed" warrior; (11) the terminal dog ritual; and (S) the basic 

 ritual. 



(1) The f reparation of the huckskins. — The buckskins, made as 

 white as possible by old women, are taken into the lodge by the host 

 and there marked in the manner prescribed for each spirit. They 

 are then tied to a framework and rolled to the top of this frame. 



(2) The dog sacrifice. — The dog is strangled and a pouch of tobacco 

 is tied to each limb, and another pouch and red feathers are tied 

 around his neck. The body is then laid in front of the war bundle, 

 facing south, this being the direction in which Disease-giver, the 

 spirit to whom the dog is specially sacrificed, lives. 



Before strangling, a short speech is addressed to the dog in which 

 the slayer apologizes for killing him, and assures him that in the 



